Betula pendula trees infected by birch idaeovirus and cherry leaf roll virus: Impacts of urbanisation and NO2 levels

Gilles, Stefanie; Meinzer, Meike; Landgraf, Maria Diva; Kolek, Franziska; Bargen, Susanne von; Pack, Kaja; Charalampopoulos, Athanasios; Ranpal, Surendra; Luschkova, Daria; Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia; Jochner-Oette, Susanne; Damialis, Athanasios; Büttner, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121526

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, ozone (O 3 ) was also found to affect birch reproduction (Darbah et al 2008 ). Birch trees growing in areas with higher NO 2 levels were found to be more often affected with birch idaeovirus (Gilles et al 2023 ), and such biotic stress could further influence the reproduction of infected trees. These pollutants are likely to change with increasing elevation and should also be incorporated in further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

et al. 2023

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High-altitude environments are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Thus, it is crucial to examine and understand the behaviour of specific plant traits along altitudinal gradients, which offer a real-life laboratory for analysing future impacts of climate change. The available information on how pollen production varies at different altitudes in mountainous areas is limited. In this study, we investigated pollen production of 17 birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) individuals along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps. We sampled catkins at nine locations in the years 2020–2021 and monitored air temperatures. We investigated how birch pollen, flowers and inflorescences are produced in relation to thermal factors at various elevations. We found that mean pollen production of Betula pubescens Ehrh. varied between 0.4 and 8.3 million pollen grains per catkin. We did not observe any significant relationships between the studied reproductive metrics and altitude. However, minimum temperature of the previous summer was found to be significantly correlated to pollen (rs = 0.504, p = 0.039), flower (rs = 0.613, p = 0.009) and catkin (rs = 0.642, p = 0.005) production per volume unit of crown. Therefore, we suggest that temperature variability even at such small scales is very important for studying the response related to pollen production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

et al. 2023

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“…To amplify a 353 bp sequence of the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) present in both genomic RNAs of the CLRV we applied primer set CLRV-RW1 FW/ CLRV-Rw2mod RV (Gilles et al 2023).…”

Section: Virus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of viruses in special stands of common ash reveals insights into the virome of Fraxinus excelsior

Rehanek,

Kubrusli,

Köpke

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We report the results of a virus screening conducted on selected special stands of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) within the FraxVir project. This project among others deals with the recording and assessment of the virus diversity in common ash and the impact of the ash virome on ash dieback diseased trees. Ash dieback, a fungal disease caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is a major threat to Fraxinus excelsior populations across Europe. Over three consecutive years, ash trees from different origins were tested including leaf material from mother trees and seedlings from the natural regeneration as well as fruits to gain insight into possible modes of virus transmission. Using RT-PCR, we screened for five viruses, including the generalist species arabis mosaic virus and cherry leaf roll virus, as well as newly discovered viruses in ash including an emaravirus, an idaeovirus and viruses of the cytorhabdovirus group. Amplification and comparison of PCR amplicons comprising the nucleocapsid region revealed sequence diversities that confirm two distinct cytorhadovirus species present in different populations of common ash. Signatures of novel viruses from different families have been identified by high-throughput sequencing. Together our results provide insights into the virus diversity and distribution of viruses in ash and expand our knowledge about the virome of this endangered tree species.

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“…Internal influences on the immunomodulatory effects of birch pollen ( left panel ): Birch pollen contains a number of allergenic proteins, such as Bet v 1 (a pathogenesis-related class 10 protein), Bet v 2 (a profilin), Bet v 3 and Bet v 4 (both polcalcins), Bet v 6 (an isoflavone reductase), Bet v 7 (a cyclophilin) and Bet v 8 (a glutathione-S-transferase), but also non-allergenic immunomodulatory proteins such as 14-3-3 protein, lipid transfer proteins and a number of enzymes. In addition, also lipids are present in high amounts in birch pollen, and microbes (such as proteobacteria or actinobacteria) ( 84 ) and viruses (such as idaeovirus or cherry leaf roll virus) ( 85 ) are found in the pollen coat. External influences on birch pollen and their immunomodulatory effects ( right panel ): Meteorological influences such as temperature, wind and humidity can affect the immunomodulatory activity of the pollen and the pollen load, but other biotic (e.g., microbes and viruses) and abiotic (e.g., air pollutants) factors can also affect the allergenicity of the pollen.…”

Section: Structure and Composition Of The Pollen Grainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birch pollen—The unpleasant herald of spring

Raith

Swoboda

2023

Front. Allergy

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Type I respiratory allergies to birch pollen and pollen from related trees of the order Fagales are increasing in industrialized countries, especially in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, but the reasons for this increase are still debated and seem to be multifaceted. While the most important allergenic molecules of birch pollen have been identified and characterized, the contribution of other pollen components, such as lipids, non-allergenic immunomodulatory proteins, or the pollen microbiome, to the development of allergic reactions are sparsely known. Furthermore, what also needs to be considered is that pollen is exposed to external influences which can alter its allergenicity. These external influences include environmental factors such as gaseous pollutants like ozone or nitrogen oxides or particulate air pollutants, but also meteorological events like changes in temperature, humidity, or precipitation. In this review, we look at the birch pollen from different angles and summarize current knowledge on internal and external influences that have an impact on the allergenicity of birch pollen and its interactions with the epithelial barrier. We focus on epithelial cells since these cells are the first line of defense in respiratory disease and are increasingly considered to be a regulatory tissue for the protection against the development of respiratory allergies.

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Betula pendula trees infected by birch idaeovirus and cherry leaf roll virus: Impacts of urbanisation and NO2 levels

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

Detection of viruses in special stands of common ash reveals insights into the virome of Fraxinus excelsior

Birch pollen—The unpleasant herald of spring

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