Between the Ideal and Reality of City Resizing Policy: Focused on 25 Cases of Compact City Plans in Japan

Yoon, Cheol-Jae

doi:10.3390/su12030989

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Such urban facilities include commercial facilities, medical facilities, welfare facilities, child support facilities, and cultural facilities. It is recommended that these urban facilities be located near transit stations based on the urban planning theory of the compact city [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the Location of Urban Facilities Affect the Forecasted Population Change in the Osaka Metropolitan Fringe Area?

Kato

2020

Sustainability

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This study aims to clarify the statistical causal relationship between the locations of urban facilities and forecasted population changes according to types of residential clusters in the Osaka Metropolitan Fringe areas. This paper’s background is the location optimization plan policy formulated by the Japanese MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism) in 2015. The methods combined urban ecological analysis, cohort analysis, and Bayesian network analysis. Using the Bayesian network analysis, the causal relationship between the forecasted population change ratio and the urban facility location was analyzed. The results suggest the location of urban facilities for each residential cluster that will prevent a rapid population decline in the future. Specifically, in the sprawl cluster, this study found that residential areas closer to medical facilities will sustain the future population, while in the old new-town cluster, this study found that residential areas closer to train stations will best sustain the future population. However, in the public housing cluster, residential areas more distant from regional resources will best sustain the future population. Therefore, it is worth considering different urban designs in the old new-town and public housing clusters, rather than the location optimization plan policy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the Location of Urban Facilities Affect the Forecasted Population Change in the Osaka Metropolitan Fringe Area?

Kato

2020

Sustainability

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“…Urban facilities include commercial facilities, medical facilities, welfare facilities, child-care support facilities, and cultural facilities. Based on the urban planning theory of compact cities, we recommend that these urban facilities be located near transportation stations [15]. To clarify the actual situation of UFIA settings, 25 cities were selected [15].…”

Section: Knowledge Of Location Normalization Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the urban planning theory of compact cities, we recommend that these urban facilities be located near transportation stations [15]. To clarify the actual situation of UFIA settings, 25 cities were selected [15]. That study demonstrated that the induction of urban functions is most likely to be achieved mainly by targeting functions in core areas where the public sector can be involved to some degree [15].…”

Section: Knowledge Of Location Normalization Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To clarify the actual situation of UFIA settings, 25 cities were selected [15]. That study demonstrated that the induction of urban functions is most likely to be achieved mainly by targeting functions in core areas where the public sector can be involved to some degree [15]. They also found that nine cities have established independent zones related to residence in non-induction zones excluded from RIA.…”

Section: Knowledge Of Location Normalization Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Networked Compact City Policy Status and Issues—Hierarchy and Human Mobility in Tokyo, Japan

2021

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As a policy to promote compact cities, Japan formulated the Location Normalization Plan (LNP) in 2014. By this plan, each municipality is promoting the establishment of Urban Function Induction-encouraged Areas (UFIA) in which life service facilities are to be provided. The role of the UFIA in the region might differ depending on the city scale and the UFIA hierarchy. For this study, using the Tokyo Person Trip survey, we specifically examined the mobility of people and clarified differences in the hierarchical nature of UFIA to ascertain the current status and issues of UFIA. Consequently, we obtained the following information for the realization of compactness. (1) The actual conditions of traffic characteristics and facilities differ depending on the UFIA hierarchy. Moreover, considering these hierarchies during the study of UFIA is important. (2) Sub-core UFIA in cities with a large population have a narrow usage area and a high ratio of traffic-sharing between walking and bicycling, which might engender the construction of compact living areas. (3) However, sub-core UFIA in cities with a small population have a high ratio of traffic-sharing of automobiles and a wide usage area, which presents challenges for compact city realization.

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“…This decline affects cities around the world. The literature focuses on shrinking cities in the United States [9], the European Union [10], and Japan [11,12]. The articles have been published in numerous scientific journals since 2012.…”

Section: Shrinking Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of an Activity Node in Global Supply Chains

Bogataj

Drobne

2020

Sustainability

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Urban shrinkage is a remarkable phenomenon that cannot be convincingly explained by existing theories on urban growth and is closely linked to the global supply chain (SC) nodes in the labour market. This paper shows how a municipality in which an activity SC cell (production or service) is located as a node in the SC graph can be made more attractive for industrial activities and human resources, more sustainable, and less shrinking, through appropriate tax policies and investments in the infrastructure of the central places—cities where production or services are located. To this end, we developed the decision support model for the joint control of urban rightsizing by SC managers and local authorities. In the model we linked the extended material requirements problem (MRP) with a normalised asymmetric gravity model. The paper outlines how local authorities and institutions, when planning for the growing intensity of production or services, in a city where the number of workers is insufficient, should take into account the impact of taxation as well as investment in the infrastructure of a municipality, and not just net wages, in order to attract human resources. They need a decision support model for their negotiations on the rightsizing of the city. The objective was to develop a model of fiscal mechanisms in the interactive decision making processes of local authorities and SC managers to control the availability of labour in the city where production or services are running and need to grow because SC managers want to increase production or services but the available labour force is shrinking. A case study in Slovenia shows how local authorities and SC managers should work together to maintain a sustainable activity cell in a functional region of the urban agglomeration where this production or service is located. It models how to plan the rightsizing. Such an integrated policy best achieves the desired intensity of the supply chain, thereby avoiding the relocation of activities outside the region, which allows unsustainable flows of human resources and uncontrolled shrinking of a city or region.

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Between the Ideal and Reality of City Resizing Policy: Focused on 25 Cases of Compact City Plans in Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

How Does the Location of Urban Facilities Affect the Forecasted Population Change in the Osaka Metropolitan Fringe Area?

How Does the Location of Urban Facilities Affect the Forecasted Population Change in the Osaka Metropolitan Fringe Area?

Networked Compact City Policy Status and Issues—Hierarchy and Human Mobility in Tokyo, Japan

Sustainability of an Activity Node in Global Supply Chains

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