Beyond mobility assessment: Timed up and go test and its relationship to osteoporosis and fracture risk

Mousa, Shereen M.; Rasheedy, Doha; Elsorady, Khalid Elsayed; Mortagy, Ahmed K.

doi:10.1016/j.jcgg.2015.08.004

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…de Abreu et al's [28] research reported that the TUG times did not present correlations with fall's history, which reminds us that a slow TUG time may be related to a higher risk for fractures but did not totally account for the higher fall risk; some other aspects may also be involved. The TUG test could reflect muscle strength, impaired gait and balance, and increased fall risk, [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Risk Factors for Fractures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China

Guo

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Aims. Previous evidence has demonstrated an increased fracture risk among the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the prevalence of bone fractures in elderly subjects (with and without type 2 diabetes) and identified any fracture risk factors, especially the risk factors for common known fractures in particular diabetic populations. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with community-dwelling people over 60 years old in nine communities from the city of Shenyang, which is the capital of Northeast China's Liaoning Province. A total of 3430 elderly adults (2201 females, mean ± standard deviation age 68:16 ± 6:1 years; 1229 males, 69:16 ± 6:7 years) were included. Our study measured the heel bone mineral density (BMD) and used the timed "up and go" (TUG) test and other indicators. In addition, we performed logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors for fractures in the general population and the diabetic population and to analyze the differences. Results. The results revealed that a total of 201 elderly persons (5.8%), with an average age of 70:05 ± 6:54 years, suffered from a history of fragility fractures, which affected more females (74.6%) than males (p = 0:001). The prevalence of fractures in the T2DM population was 7.3%, which was much higher than the 5.2% in non-T2DM population (p < 0:05). In the non-T2DM population, the BMD was lower and the TUG time was longer in the fracture group than in the nonfracture group (p < 0:001). However, in the T2DM population, the BMD and TUG values were similar between the fracture group and the nonfracture group (p > 0:05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the female sex (OR 1.835), TUG time > 10:2 s (OR 1.602), and T-score≤−2:5 (OR 1.750) were independent risk factors for fragility fractures in the non-T2DM population, but they were not risk factors in the T2DM population. Conclusions. This study found that low BMD and slow TUG time were independent risk factors for fractures in non-T2DM patients, while no associations were found in the T2DM population. Patients with T2DM have a higher risk for fractures even when they have sufficient BMD and a short TUG time. TUG and BMD underestimated the risk for fractures in the T2DM population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mousa et al [27] conducted a case-control study of 138 elderly individuals aged over 60 years from a hospital who showed abnormal TUG times; a TUG time > 20 s was defined as poor mobility and was strongly associated with a reduced BMD and increased fracture risk, but the study did not analyze the T2DM population in particular.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Risk Factors for Fractures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China

Guo

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…The minimum sample size was determined by using Green formula, N=50+8(m), where N represents “total participants of study” while m represents “independent variable” 32. In our study, four independent variables (age, sex, types of fracture, and use of a walking aid before fracture) were chosen as they were frequently used in previous physical assessment studies 24,33,34. Thus, after inputting all the values in the formula, the minimum sample required was 82 participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test is convenient to be performed in clinical settings with limited training and equipment required 22. This test is an integral measure of gait speed and balance, together with fall risk, which are the major determinants of osteoporotic fractures in clinical settings 23,24. Apart from TUG test, handgrip strength (HGS) test is recommended for the measurement of muscle strength and considered the simplest method for assessment of muscle function in clinical settings 25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Physical function assessment of older adults with lower body fractures at 3 months post-discharge from hospital</p>

Ibrahim

Ahmad

Zulfarina

et al. 2019

TCRM

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Background and purposePhysical function assessment can be performed to assess functional mobility among older adults, especially after a traumatic incident such as lower body fracture (LBF). The objective of this study was to evaluate physical function of older patients with LBF after 3 months of discharge from the hospital.Patients and methodsA total of 89 patients were followed up at the discharge phase. Four independent variables were tested: age, sex, type of fracture, and use of a walking aid before fracture. Mobility and strength were assessed with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and hand-grip strength (HGS) test, respectively.ResultsThe majority of the patients were ≥65 years old (64%), female (61.8%), of Chinese ethnicity (50.6%), and had a hip fracture (51.7%). The mean time for TUG test was 26.11 seconds, while mean HGS was 19.02 kg. We found significant differences in TUG test scores with respect to all independent variables tested: age (P=0.026), sex (P=0.011), fracture type (P<0.001), and use of a walking aid before fracture (P=0.004). Significant differences were also detected in HGS test scores with respect to all independent variables tested: age (P<0.001), sex (P<0.001), fracture type (P<0.001), and use of a walking aid before fracture (P=0.035).ConclusionIncreasing age, female sex, having a hip fracture, and use of a walking aid before fracture predicted reduction in the physical function and strength among older adults with LBF.

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“…1,2,3 Healthy older adults have satisfactory physiological function with balanced personal resilience and vulnerability, whereas frail older adults manifest impaired homeostasis of certain organ functions, with increased vulnerability (Figure 1). Importantly, frailty also constitutes an intermediate state, and active intervention programs may reverse or postpone the occurrence of subsequent functional decline or disability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Precision geriatrics: Comprehensiveness and individualization for frailty intervention

Chen¹

2017

JCGG

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Beyond mobility assessment: Timed up and go test and its relationship to osteoporosis and fracture risk

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of Risk Factors for Fractures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China

Assessment of Risk Factors for Fractures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes over 60 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China

<p>Physical function assessment of older adults with lower body fractures at 3 months post-discharge from hospital</p>

Precision geriatrics: Comprehensiveness and individualization for frailty intervention

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