Beyond the lungs: Alpha-1 antitrypsin’s potential role
in human gestation

Jezela‐Stanek, Aleksandra; Chorostowska‐Wynimko, Joanna

doi:10.17219/acem/103668

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Golgi apparatus secretes this cytokine in hepatic cells, neutrophils, placental cytotrophoblast, and the blood vessels' endothelial lining. 10 Once triggered, the inflammatory response will increase AAT over fourfold to regulate local and systemic inflammation. This unique cytokine can start and stop the inflammatory response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cycle of selfrepeated inflammation and tissue damage continues if adequate AAT protection is lost. 10,11 Usually, AAT serum value rises four to six folds in pregnancy. Deficiency of AAT is an inherited metabolic disorder with variable severity and the affected women show reduced plasma levels compared to those of the healthy population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they show a suboptimal rise of AAT in pregnancy and are liable for increased obstetrical complications like abortion, preterm labor, and PE. 10,12 In 2012, Feng et al provided evidence that AAT protected against PE development. AAT levels were found to be the lowest in PE cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal alpha‐1‐antitrypsin as a noval marker for growth restriction in pre‐eclampsia

Nori

Ali

2021

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim: To verify the role of maternal serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute-phase inflammatory protein, as a marker for distinguishing between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and normal birth weight in pre-eclamptic women. We correlate serum AAT levels to the essential feto-maternal parameters for an earlier and cost-benefit diagnostic method, thus distinguishing between FGR and normal birth weight in preeclamptic women. Methods: An observational study conducted at the University hospital recruited 100 pregnant women in 32/34 weeks of a singleton single tone pregnancy; all were pre-eclampsia cases. All were tested by laboratory and ultrasound examination. Two sets of data were collected; one is maternal parameters such as blood pressure (BP), maternal serum AAT mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and serum uric acid levels, and the other is fetal parameters such as amniotic fluid index (AFI), fetal weight centile and estimated fetal weight. Results: A strong negative correlation proved between serum levels of AAT and all study variables except fetal weight (systolic BP, diastolic BP, MPV, PDW, serum uric acid, fetal weight percentile, and AFI) with a correlation coefficient of; À0.95, À0.95, À0.85, À0.93, À0.91, À0.94, and À0.93 respectively. The cut-off value for AAT 0.013 mg/ml showed the highest sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker for FGR. Area under the curve was 0.99. Conclusions: Negative correlations between maternal serum AAT and fetal parameters used to assess FGR were confirmed, suggesting that AAT is closely related to the pathophysiology of FGR among pre-eclamptic patients and may serve as a helpful tool in distinguishing between FGR and normal birth weight babies, pending further validation in feto-maternal outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal alpha‐1‐antitrypsin as a noval marker for growth restriction in pre‐eclampsia

Nori

Ali

2021

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…The basis for AAT augmentation therapy (purified human protein) in AATD is to restore antiprotease equilibrium in the lungs (2). The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA licensed AAT replacement therapy) in 1987however, its potential benefits are systemic, suggesting the use of alpha-1 antitrypsin in many inflammatory conditions (8,9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological aspects of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin in COVID-19 infection among the Populace and Pregnant Women

Nori

Najm

Hasan³

et al. 2021

Al-Kindy Col. Med. J

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic alarm was made by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV) 2, several institutions and agencies have pursued to clarify the viral virulence and infectivity. The fast propagation of this virus leads to an unprecedented rise in the number of cases worldwide. COVID-19 virus is exceptionally contagious that spreads through droplets, respiratory secretions, and direct contact. The enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus has a specific envelop region called (S) region encoding (S protein) that specifically binds to the host cell receptor. Viral infection requires receptors' participation on the host cell membrane's surface, a key- step for the viral invasion of susceptible cells. Recently, the Italian alpha 1 antitrypsin Registry results showed a close geographic distribution of positive cases like the one recorded for SARS -CoV-2 infection. AAT deficient patients presented with the highest infection rates. They were giving attention to alpha 1 antitrypsin AAT's role in COVID-19 infection. Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is undoubtedly the most common genetic condition in adults. AATD is characterized by decreased serum levels or impaired AAT action, raising the risk of developing many diseases, particularly pulmonary emphysema cirrhosis of the liver. This review will discuss the main immunological properties that AAT has as a protective agent against the infection and possible therapeutic application.

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“…8,13 It is well known that AAT is an acute-phase protein with strong inhibitory activity towards proteolytic enzymes, mainly elastase but also trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thrombin, and its deficiency most often affects the lungs and livers, resulting in the development of early-onset emphysema, chronic obstructive lung disease and/or jaundice and liver cirrhosis. 14 Although some studies tried to use AAT to distinguish benign from malignant diseases, majority of them focused on AAT-targeted organs, such as lungs and livers. 13 Even though the aforementioned studies applied to evaluate the role of AAT as potential serum biomarkers have been found, the detailed information of glycosylated status of AAT is recommended for further exploring its value.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it possible to use the serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin as a serum biomarker to distinguish endometriosis and endometriosis-associated epithelial ovarian cancers?

Lee

Wang

2021

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association

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Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (ovarian clear cell carcinoma [OvCCC]), one of subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), is often accompanied with endometriosis, which is also called as endometriosis-associated EOC (EAEOC) and frequently occurs in younger women. [1][2][3][4][5] Unsimilar to other subtypes of EOC (high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary as an example) which are considered as a "silent killer" because symptoms of patients are often vague or asymptomatic, of short duration, often misdiagnosed as less deadly gastrointestinal diseases, and absence of an effective screening strategies, and additionally heterogeneous in nature, accounting for late diagnosis in their advanced stages, the majority of patients with OvCCC are detected in the early stage (the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, especially for those patients are accompanied with endometriosis). [5][6][7][8] However, an early stage of OvCCC is not reflective of a better prognosis, since compared to other subtypes of EOC, OvCCC is always presented with its hereditary chemo-resistance status, contributing to worse prognosis. 5,9 The mechanisms of chemo-resistance status of OvCCC are extensively studied, including basic genetic changes, epigenetic modification, glycosylation, and tumor microenvironment (TME), and all of them attempt to provide a more reliable, sensitive, and specific biomarker to facilitate the purpose of screening, prompt diagnosis and/or predicting untoward outcome for patients with OvCCC, especially to distinguish OvCCC or EAEOC from pure endometriosis. 7,8,10,11 In the current issue of the Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, Dr. Chen and colleagues tried to use serum level of alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) isoforms (isoAAT) to examine whether this serum biomarker can be used for the aforementioned purpose. 12

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Beyond the lungs: Alpha-1 antitrypsin’s potential role in human gestation

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Maternal alpha‐1‐antitrypsin as a noval marker for growth restriction in pre‐eclampsia

Maternal alpha‐1‐antitrypsin as a noval marker for growth restriction in pre‐eclampsia

Immunological aspects of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin in COVID-19 infection among the Populace and Pregnant Women

Is it possible to use the serum levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin as a serum biomarker to distinguish endometriosis and endometriosis-associated epithelial ovarian cancers?

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