Beyond The Millennium Development Goals: An Evaluation Of The War On Hiv/aids In Kenya

Nyaga, Robert G.

doi:10.30707/etd2016.nyaga.r

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Frequent touch points with healthcare systems create opportunities for HIV testing that may not exist for men who don't have this frequency of healthcare encounters. Since women are disproportionately affected by HIV in sub-Sahara Africa [7,17], they are highly targeted by existing HIV prevention programs. On the other hand, in our analysis of people with newly-diagnosed HIV, there was no significant sex difference, suggesting a need to scale up case finding to all vulnerable populations, irrespective of sex.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some counties in Western Kenya report an HIV prevalence about three times the national prevalence. Kisumu County has the second highest prevalence in the country at 17.4%, with an incidence of 6.9 cases per 1,000 person-years [17]. Lack of awareness of HIV status, failures in linkage to ART, and behavioral factors are key potential drivers of HIV transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Sing’oei,

Nwoga,

Yates

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Despite declines in new HIV diagnoses both globally and in Kenya, parts of Western Kenya still report high HIV prevalence and incidence. We evaluated HIV prevalence to inform the development of policies for strategic and targeted HIV prevention interventions. Methods Adult participants aged 18–35 years were recruited in Kisumu County and screened for HIV for a prospective HIV incidence cohort. Questionnaires assessed HIV-associated risk behaviors. Participants who tested positive for HIV were disaggregated into groups based on prior knowledge of their HIV status: previously-diagnosed and newly-diagnosed. In separate analyses by prior knowledge, robust Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with a positive HIV test in each group, as compared to participants without HIV. Results Of 1059 participants tested for HIV, 196 (18.5%) had a positive HIV test. Among PLWH, 78 (39.8%) were newly diagnosed with HIV at screening. After adjusting for other variables, previously-diagnosed HIV was more common among females than males (PR 2.70, 95%CI 1.69–4.28), but there was no observed sex difference in newly-diagnosed HIV prevalence (PR 1.05, 95%CI 0.65–1.69). Previously-diagnosed HIV was also more common among people reporting consistent use of condoms with primary sexual partners as compared to inconsistent condom use (PR 3.19, 95%CI 2.09–4.86), but newly-diagnosed HIV was not associated with such a difference between consistent and inconsistent condom use (PR 0.73, 95%CI 0.25–2.10). Conclusion Prevalence of newly-diagnosed HIV was high, at approximately 8% of participants, and not statistically different between genders, highlighting the need for improved HIV case finding regardless of sex. The higher prevalence of previously-diagnosed HIV in female participants may reflect higher rates of HIV testing through more encounters with the healthcare system. Higher prevalence of consistent condom use amongst those previously-diagnosed suggests behavioral change to reduce HIV transmission, a potential benefit of policies to facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Sing’oei,

Nwoga,

Yates

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…The review of literature has produced reoccurring themes emphasizing the negative impact of HIV and AIDS on the education sector (Mkumba and Edwards, 1992; Venier et al , 1997; IBRD/WB, 2002; Nworocha and Nwakoby, 2002; Barnett and Whiteside, 2002; MTT, 2003; Kelly, 2003a; Nyaga et al 2004; UNESCO, 2005; UNAIDS, 2006; Coombe, 2002). The above studies were essentially impact studies with very little research relating to the management of the response to HIV/AIDS impact mitigation.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social entrepreneurship in HIV/AIDS management across the education sector in Kenya

Ayiro¹

2010

Jnl Euro Industrial Training

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PurposeThe overall purpose of this study is to identify key entrepreneurial variables in the realm of social entrepreneurship that may contribute to enhancing impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS. In addition, the study seeks to establish which of the correlations between the entrepreneurial variables and management of response of impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS were significant at the 0.001 level.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a cross‐sectional survey design. The analysis engaged a correlational qualitative research approach so as to enable the researcher determine whether the correlation between entrepreneurial management initiatives and the management of the response on the impact of HIV/AIDS in the education sector was statistically significant.FindingsThe result of the correlation analysis showed that organizational boundaries, work discretion, rewards management support and time availability explain about 53 per cent of the aspects of management response to HIV/AIDS impact mitigation. The correlations were statistically significant at the 0.001 level. The implication is that introduction of entrepreneurship within institutions dealing with HIV/AIDS in the education sector would lead to improved mitigation of the impact of the scourge on the sector.Research limitations/implicationsThe study considers one thematic area in the HIV/AIDS mitigation process, that is management of the response, leaving three other thematic areas, namely: care and support, prevention as well as HIV/AIDS and the workplace. The generalization of the study's results will therefore be limited.Originality/valueThe study established that administrative management practices are not effective in the management response to impact mitigation of HIV/AIDS in the education sector. It therefore proposes innovative, approaches to the mitigation effort. This in turn calls for a dramatic shift in management that entails the extension of market principles into social institutions, government and civil society and an inevitable blurring of the boundaries between these sectors.

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“…A total of 83 percent of Kenya is arid and semi‐arid, hosts various megafauna and major wildlife industry, although environmental degradation and pollution is on the increase (see FAO, 2004; Njuguna, 2006). Kenya suffers high HIV/AIDS (6.7 percent), malaria, seasonal drastic weather problems; has high poverty of 56 percent, and unemployment of 15 percent (Nyaga et al , 2004; World Bank, 2006). Living standards as indicated by the Human Development Index (HDI) have declined between 1990 and 2004 (IRIN, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a strategic environment assessment framework in Kenya

Onyango

Schmidt

2007

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal

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PurposeThis paper sets out to assess and analyses the key pillars of the SEA framework in Kenya, highlighting aspects that should be considered for further scrutiny and review, aiming at evolving a suitable context‐specific Kenyan SEA.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of the SEA framework was done through desktop research. This was supplemented by a two‐month internship at the National Environmental Management Authority in Kenya. The key documents prescribing and describing SEA in Kenya (legal documents, guidelines) formed a basis for interpretative analysis. International literature on SEA frameworks also formed a basis for analysis.FindingsAlthough the SEA framework is relatively complete, there are certain elements that are incomplete, e.g. environmental and sustainability standards have not been formally established. Some provisions are unclear or reveal internal incoherency within the framework. For example, the definitions of policies, plans, programmes and projects are not clearly differentiated for the purpose of the SEA framework. The framework is premised on “an early SEA” yet the key exercises of public participation and the triggering of the SEA exercise are both carried out late. There is need for SEA‐EIA tiering and SEA definitions and purposes to be harmonized within the various documents of the framework. Sector‐level SEA guidelines offer the most appropriate opportunity to address most of the substantive shortcomings of the framework.Practical implicationsThe results provide a baseline for departure towards further scrutiny and research in order to evolve a more homegrown SEA, as opposed to merely copyng what other countries have done. The highlighted areas are expounded on, with some suggestions given; in some instances no clear remedy is immediately obvious.Originality/valueThe paper is a seminal instigator of interest into the Kenyan SEA framework, which is still very young and devoid of experience and tradition. It brings to light and questions some key issues that seem to have the potential to reduce the benefits and instrumentality of the SEA tool in meeting Kenya's interest.

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Beyond The Millennium Development Goals: An Evaluation Of The War On Hiv/aids In Kenya

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

The role of social entrepreneurship in HIV/AIDS management across the education sector in Kenya

Towards a strategic environment assessment framework in Kenya

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