Bi-functional LaMxFe1-xO3 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) for photo-fenton degradation of methylene blue and photoelectrochemical water splitting

Kinetic Comparison of Photocatalysis with the Photo-Fenton Process on the Removal of Tetracycline Using Bismuth-Modified Lanthanum Orthoferrite Nanostructures

“…The presence of OVs induces charge redistribution in the catalyst, creating a sufficient charge density difference to break the relatively weaker O–O bond in H 2 O 2 . Similar observations could be found in Cu-doped LaFeO 3 catalysts. , To confirm the existence of OVs, EPR analysis was carried out for LFO-Bi0 and LFO-Bi5 catalysts, as shown in Figure f. LFO-Bi0 and LFO-Bi5 exhibited peaks corresponding to OVs with g -factors of 2.08 and 2.03.…”

“…As in Figure h, the Fe 2p spectra of the LFO-Bi0 catalyst display two distinct peaks at 710.34 and 723.96 eV attributed to the Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 , respectively, indicating the existence of Fe in the trivalent (+3) oxidation state. However, the LFO-Bi5 catalyst exhibited two additional peaks at lower binding energies of 709.14 and 723.21 eV corresponding to Fe 2+ and this would be beneficial for initiating the Fenton reactions in photo-Fenton catalysis. , The XPS spectra of O 1s were deconvoluted and are shown in Figure i. The LFO-Bi0 catalyst exhibited two distinct peaks at 528.90 and 531.22 eV corresponding to lattice oxygen (O L ) and surface-adsorbed oxygen (O ads ), respectively.…”

“…To achieve this, the band gap of the best working LFO-Bi5 catalyst was computed from the diffuse reflectance spectra (Figure S5a). Herein, the reflectance was transformed to absorption using the Kubelka–Munk function and the transformation function is as follows: F ( R ) = (1 – R 2 )/2 R , where R = R sample / R reference . The band gap was obtained at 2.49 eV (Figure S5b).…”

“…Fluorescence spectra, resulting from the recombination of excited electrons and holes, provide insights into the charge carrier recombination, with peak intensity serving as an indicator. 18 The LFO-Bi0 catalyst exhibited the highest intensity, followed by a systematic decrease until LFO-Bi5, with a modest increase thereafter. As previously discussed, the higher ionic radii of Bi compared to La in the Bi-doped catalyst are expected to induce lattice vacancies and alter the Fe−O− Fe bond length.…”

“…Within this realm, the perovskite class of materials has gained significant attention, primarily due to its remarkable properties, including light absorption coefficient, abundance, activity, and distinctive ABO 3 lattice structure. 18 Herein, A represents alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and lanthanides while B encompasses transition metals. 19 This unique feature enables the incorporation of a wide range of elements at the A and B sites without losing structural integrity, which helps tailor the physicochemical properties according to specific applications.…”