Bicarbonate and unsaturated fatty acids enhance capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene expression in oral streptococci, Streptococcus anginosus

Matsumoto, Yuko; Miyake, Katsuhide; Ozawa, Kento; Baba, Yasunori; Kusube, Takasei

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.010

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In low sugar/ carbohydrate environments most lactate is delivered by saliva derived from plasma-the active salivary gland secretion of lactate (as opposed to leakage) again suggesting the host selection of bacteria. Bicarbonate is another essential nutrient used by many bacteria such as Streptococcus anginosus (Matsumoto et al 2019) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Supuran and Capasso 2017), but it is actively secreted by salivary glands as part of the fluid secretion mechanism particularly for mucinsecreting sublingual and minor glands (Lee et al 2012). Bicarbonate could also form a food network although it is less well studied than lactate.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Factors that Maintain the Normal Oral Commensal Microflora

Carpenter

2020

J Dent Res

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The oral microbiome is one of the most stable ecosystems in the body and yet the reasons for this are still unclear. As well as being stable, it is also highly diverse which can be ascribed to the variety of niches available in the mouth. Previous studies have focused on the microflora in disease—either caries or periodontitis—and only recently have they considered factors that maintain the normal microflora. This has led to the perception that the microflora proliferate in nutrient-rich periods during oral processing of foods and drinks and starves in between times. In this review, evidence is presented which shows that the normal flora are maintained on a diet of salivary factors including urea, lactate, and salivary protein degradation. These factors are actively secreted by salivary glands which suggests these factors are important in maintaining normal commensals in the mouth. In addition, the immobilization of SIgA in the mucosal pellicle indicates a mechanism to retain certain bacteria that does not rely on the bacterial-centric mechanisms such as adhesins. By examining the salivary metabolome, it is clear that protein degradation is a key nutrient and the availability of free amino acids increases resistance to environmental stresses.

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Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Factors that Maintain the Normal Oral Commensal Microflora

Carpenter

2020

J Dent Res

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“…Sicard used either linoleic acid, spermidine, or bovine serum albumin in this new medium (see Table 7). Unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) have been reported to improve the growth of S. anginosus as well as increase the production of capsule polysaccharide under low CO 2 conditions (Matsumoto et al, 2019). Furthermore, Gullett et al (2019) demonstrated that host polyunsaturated fatty acids are bound by a protein called FakB3 to enable the utilization of polyunsaturated fatty acids for incorporation into its membrane and therefore, minimize the metabolic expenditure of de novo membrane precursor synthesis (Gullett et al, 2019).…”

Section: Sicardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Matters, Examining Historical and Modern Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth Media and the Experiments They Affect

Sanchez-Rosario

Johnson

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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While some bacteria can thrive for generations in minerals and salts, many require lavish nutrition and specific chemicals to survive to the point where they can be observed and researched. Although researchers once boiled and rendered animal flesh and bones to obtain a media that facilitated bacterial growth, we now have a plethora of formulations and manufacturers to provide dehydrated flavors of historical, modified, and modern media. The purpose of media has evolved from simple isolation to more measured study. However, in some instances, media formulated to aid the metabolic, nutritional, or physical properties of microbes may not be best suited for studying pathogen behavior or resilience as a function of host interactions. While there have been comparative studies on handfuls of these media in Streptococcus pneumoniae, this review focuses on describing both the historical and modern composition of common complex (Todd Hewitt and M17), semi-defined (Adams and Roe), and defined pneumococcal media (RPMI and Van de Rijn and Kessler), key components discovered/needed for cultivation/growth enhancement, and effects these different media have on bacterial phenotypes and experimental outcomes. While many researchers find the best conditions to grow and experiment on their bacteria of choice, the reasons for some researchers to use a specific medium is at best, not discussed, and at worst, arbitrary. As such, the goal of this review is to highlight the differences in pneumococcal media to encourage investigators to challenge their decisions on why they use a given medium, discuss the recipe, and explain their reasoning.

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