Bicycle rolling resistance under winter conditions

Fenre, Mathis Dahl; Klein-Paste, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2021.103282

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…By reducing the C rr from~0.027 to~0.008, one can expect the CWI to increase from 50% to 90%. This reduction in C rr can for example be obtained by going from a cycleway with less than 2 cm of loose snow on top of a compact snow layer to a cycleway with wet asphalt, completely free from snow [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rolling resistance was found by solving the force equilibrium on the moving bicycle. The rolling resistance measurement method is described in detail in Fenre and Klein-Paste [19]. Thus, each survey photo had a corresponding rolling resistance level.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was utilized to investigate how bicycle rolling resistance is affected by typical winter conditions on cycleways. These investigations found a strong correlation between the rolling resistance level and snow type, loose snow depth, and unevenness [19]. Moreover, there seems to be knowledge gap about how the rolling resistance level correlates to people's willingness to cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another quantifiable measure of the surface conditions is rolling resistance. The rolling resistance increase with increasing loose snow depths and unevenness [13,19,32,54]. The rolling resistance is also highly dependent on the bicycle properties, i.e., tire rubber properties, inflation pressure and contact area [12,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we used an online survey to collect data about people's willingness to cycle on various winter cycling conditions shown in photos. We compared the cycling willingness results to rolling resistance measurements of the same conditions collected in a previous study [19] and investigated how people's stated willingness to cycle is affected by the rolling resistance level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of rolling resistance on people’s willingness to cycle during wintertime

Fenre

Klein-Paste

2021

J Infrastruct Preserv Resil

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Harsh winters reduce utilitarian cycling in many cities. Using an online survey, we examined how increasing rolling resistance due to snow and ice affect people’s cycling willingness. The respondents (N = 1318) reported their willingness to cycle on various winter cycling conditions presented in photos. The answers were compared to the rolling resistance levels on the presented conditions, measured in a previous study. Respondents’ cycling willingness dropped from 91.2% at very low to 18.3% at very high rolling resistances. The cyclist’s age, gender, local climate, winter cycling experience and studded tire use affected the cycling willingness significantly. Electric bike usage did not affect cycling willingness. “Summer-only” cyclists did not cycle during the winter due to low temperatures (29%), lacked feeling of safety (27%), bicycle wear (17%), increased travel time (17%) and increased physical effort (10%). Hence, lower rolling resistance and increased use of studded tires can increase the cycling frequency of existing winter cyclists. To recruit new winter cyclists, the surface conditions should not only offer a low rolling resistance but should also be perceived as safe and comfortable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%