Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?

Wegmann, T; Lin, Hui; Guilbert, Larry J.; Mosmann, Tim R.

doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90235-d

Cited by 2,621 publications

(1,658 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown alterations in NK cell populations during pregnancy, particularly in association with different pregnancy outcomes 29, 30. The effects of pregnancy on circulating T cell populations are less known, although we and others have shown a subtle alteration of T cell cytokine patterns during pregnancy (31, 32, 33, and our data not shown). Alterations in specific monocytes sub‐populations have been described 34.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 39%

Competitive SWIFT cluster templates enhance detection of aging changes

Rebhahn

Roumanes

et al. 2015

Cytometry Pt A

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Clustering‐based algorithms for automated analysis of flow cytometry datasets have achieved more efficient and objective analysis than manual processing. Clustering organizes flow cytometry data into subpopulations with substantially homogenous characteristics but does not directly address the important problem of identifying the salient differences in subpopulations between subjects and groups. Here, we address this problem by augmenting SWIFT—a mixture model based clustering algorithm reported previously. First, we show that SWIFT clustering using a “template” mixture model, in which all subpopulations are represented, identifies small differences in cell numbers per subpopulation between samples. Second, we demonstrate that resolution of inter‐sample differences is increased by “competition” wherein a joint model is formed by combining the mixture model templates obtained from different groups. In the joint model, clusters from individual groups compete for the assignment of cells, sharpening differences between samples, particularly differences representing subpopulation shifts that are masked under clustering with a single template model. The benefit of competition was demonstrated first with a semisynthetic dataset obtained by deliberately shifting a known subpopulation within an actual flow cytometry sample. Single templates correctly identified changes in the number of cells in the subpopulation, but only the competition method detected small changes in median fluorescence. In further validation studies, competition identified a larger number of significantly altered subpopulations between young and elderly subjects. This enrichment was specific, because competition between templates from consensus male and female samples did not improve the detection of age‐related differences. Several changes between the young and elderly identified by SWIFT template competition were consistent with known alterations in the elderly, and additional altered subpopulations were also identified. Alternative algorithms detected far fewer significantly altered clusters. Thus SWIFT template competition is a powerful approach to sharpen comparisons between selected groups in flow cytometry datasets. © 2015 The Authors. Published Wiley Periodicals Inc.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 39%

Competitive SWIFT cluster templates enhance detection of aging changes

Rebhahn

Roumanes

et al. 2015

Cytometry Pt A

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“…An influx of immune cells and a switch of local immunity from the adaptive (Th1) type to the innate (Th2) type have been observed during the implantation window 6, 28. The Th2 cytokines allow the development of local mechanisms that promote immunotrophism and also down‐regulate the inflammation and cytotoxic pathways 6, 29. This immune switch, from a Th1 pro‐inflammatory environment to a Th2 anti‐inflammatory environment, is fundamental to the establishment of local maternal tolerance and is crucial for implantation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin endometrium transcriptome analysis reveals a potential mechanism of implantation failure

Maekawa

Tanaka

Mihara

et al. 2017

Reprod Medicine & Biology

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AimAlthough a thin endometrium has been well recognized as a critical factor in implantation failure, little information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms. The present study investigated these mechanisms by using genome‐wide mRNA expression analysis.MethodsThin and normal endometrial tissue was obtained from a total of six women during the mid‐luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The transcriptomes were analyzed with a microarray. Differentially expressed genes were classified according to Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.ResultsThe study identified 318 up‐regulated genes and 322 down‐regulated genes in the thin endometrium, compared to the control endometrium. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the thin endometrium possessed aberrantly activated immunity and natural killer cell cytotoxicity that was accompanied by an increased number of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN‐γ. Various genes that were related to metabolism and anti‐oxidative stress were down‐regulated in the thin endometrium.ConclusionImplantation failure in the thin endometrium appears to be associated with an aberrantly activated inflammatory environment and aberrantly decreased response to oxidative stress.

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“…The lacking effect of cortisol elevation on the immune function of the pregnant gilts in our study may be explained by the particular physiological state of the adult pregnant female. First, immune effects of social stress were observed in non-pregnant pigs; however, it is possible that pregnancy, which is associated with strong immune modifications (Wegmann et al, 1993), abrogated the stress-induced immune shift. For instance, the decrease of lymphocytes/granulocytes ratio towards the end of gestation could explain why we and others (Stefansky et al, 2005) could not find any additional effects of stress on this parameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that pregnancy is a particular physiological state associated with immunological changes (Wegmann et al, 1993) and a decreased sensitivity of the HPA axis to stress (Neumann et al, 1998), one can wonder whether chronic stress has similar immune effects in pregnant gilts as in younger non-pregnant females or males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural, endocrine and immune responses to repeated social stress in pregnant gilts

Couret

Otten

Puppe

et al. 2009

Animal

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Pregnant sows are exposed to various stressors in intensive pig husbandry that may have negative consequences on their health, reproductive performances and welfare. Social stress is one of these challenges, because gestating sows have to be housed in groups according to EU guidelines (2001/88/CE). The purpose of this study was to determine the consequences of repeated social stress in pregnant female pigs on their behavioural, endocrine and immunological responses and on pregnancy outcome. Pregnant gilts were submitted to a repeated social stress procedure induced by housing unfamiliar gilts in pairs changed twice a week between days 77 and 105 of gestation (S group, n 5 18). Control gilts were housed in stable pairs during the same period (C group, n 5 18). Agonistic behaviour was observed during the first 3 h after each grouping. Skin lesions were numbered 2 h after each grouping. Salivary cortisol was measured before and repeatedly during the 4 weeks of grouping. Gilts were immunized against keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) on days 81 and 95 of gestation. Immunoglobulins G against KLH, proliferative responses to concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen and KLH and peripheral blood leukocyte numbers were evaluated 1 week before the first grouping and 3 days after the last one. Agonistic interactions and skin lesions were observed in S gilts at each grouping, although there was a decline between the first and the last grouping ( P , 0.05). The repeated social stress induced a sustained endocrine response as shown by elevated salivary cortisol levels from 1 to 48 h after grouping in S gilts compared to C gilts. The cellular as well as the humoral immunity and the leukocyte numbers were not influenced by social stress. Gestation length tended to be shorter in S gilts ( P 5 0.09), but litter size, piglet weight or mortality at birth were not affected. Variability of the response of S gilts to groupings was partly explained by their average success value determined according to the outcome (defeat or win) of all the groupings. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the application of repeated social stress to pregnant gilts during the last third of their gestation repeatedly activates their hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis but does not impair their immune function and pregnancy outcome.

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Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon?

Cited by 2,621 publications

References 28 publications

Competitive SWIFT cluster templates enhance detection of aging changes

Competitive SWIFT cluster templates enhance detection of aging changes

Thin endometrium transcriptome analysis reveals a potential mechanism of implantation failure

Behavioural, endocrine and immune responses to repeated social stress in pregnant gilts

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