Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review

Borrás-Ferreres, Jordi; Sánchez‐Torres, Alba; Gay‐Escoda, Cosme

doi:10.4317/medoral.22681

Cited by 19 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Unilateral impairment was the most prevalent condition, although there was a notable proportion of bilateral bifid condyle. 8 In the present case, the 27 -year -old patient was affected by a unilateral condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Surgical treatment has been described only for restoring the function of a bifid condyle with ankylosis or symptomatic cases that have been resistant to conservative treatment. 8 The present study aimed to report a case of a unilateral bifid condyle of unknown etiology in a patient who presented to the surgery clinic of the Department of Dentistry of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC -Minas) for third -molar extraction. When imaging exams were requested, an uncommon anatomic shape was observed in the mandibular condyle on the left side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unilateral bifid condyle: a case report

Tomagnini¹,

Pinto²,

Alves³

et al. 2020

j.rpemd

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In the present case report, a patient attended the Surgical Clinic of PUC-MG for extraction of third molars. When performing the panoramic radiography, an atypical shaping of the mandibular condyle was detected. For the correct diagnosis, a cone-beam computed tomography was requested. The axial, sagittal, and coronal tomographic sections clearly showed the structure and its position in relation to the skull. The exam showed unilateral hyperdense masses on the left, in the form of mediolaterally oriented secondary condylar heads. Although they were adjacent to the condylar head, a constriction between them was observed in the superior condylar pole region. This image analysis, associated with the absence of functional changes and symptomatology, was decisive for the diagnosis of a bifid condyle, as it allowed to exclude any pathological alteration. As its etiology is diverse, this type of anatomical variation is usually found in routine imaging exams, as in the present study. The bifid condyle can be considered a differential diagnosis of condylar hyperplasia, osteochondromas, or alterations related to temporomandibular dysfunction in two-dimensional radiographic exams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral bifid condyle: a case report

Tomagnini¹,

Pinto²,

Alves³

et al. 2020

j.rpemd

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“…The most common radiographic image used in a diagnosis is the panoramic view, and it is used in most routine dental procedures [8]. However, it is known that the CT scan introduced a new image category, being increasingly used to evaluate the morphology of the mandibular condyle [16, 17]. The most usual imaging appearance is an anterior and a posterior head, separated by a shallow groove, although they can be oriented mediolaterally [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Atypical Bifid Mandibular Condyle Associated with Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint

Miranda

Carneiro

Gerber

et al. 2019

Case Reports in Surgery

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Introduction The bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is an unusual temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder with controversial etiology. The association of this entity with ankylosis is rare. Objective The objective of the present study is to report a case of BMC with associated TMJ ankylosis in a patient with no history of trauma and/or infection. Case Report A 17-year-old male patient sought care reporting pain on the right TMJ region and mastication difficulty due to a severe limitation of mouth opening. In the clinic and imaging examinations, a 15 mm mouth opening and BMC associated with ankylotic mass of the right TMJ were observed, besides a facial asymmetry with chin deviation to the right. The proposed treatment plan was condylectomy on the right side, bilateral coronectomy, and genioplasty, so the chin lateral deviation could be corrected, under general anesthesia. The patient remains under clinical and imaging follow-up of two years with functional stability and no signs of relapse of the ankylosis. Conclusion The association of BMC with ankylosis is an atypical entity which must be diagnosed and treated early to prevent aesthetic and functional damages to the patient.

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“…Most bifid condyles are asymptomatic and discovered only as an incidental finding during routine radiographic examination using orthopantomograph [2]. However, with the use of advanced imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is an increase in the incidences, accounting for about 0.31% to 1.82% of cases [3]. Symptomatic cases present with one or more signs like pain, swelling, noise, hypomobility, joint block, deflection, joint luxation, or even ankylosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifid Mandibular Condyle as the Hidden Cause for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Periasamy

Kumar

2021

Cureus

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Bifid mandibular condyle is a rare occurrence, more frequently unilateral. The etiology of this condition is controversial. Bifid mandibular condyles of developmental origin are mostly asymptomatic and discovered incidentally through imaging. Here, we report a 38-year-old male patient, previously in good health, presented with progressive pain in his right temporomandibular joint and restricted joint movements. MRI of the bilateral temporomandibular joints revealed mild degenerative disc on the right side and bifid mandibular condyle on the left side. Conservative treatment comprising a series of soft, medium, and hard splint therapy in combination with analgesics showed symptomatic improvement initially but did not improve the condition in the long term. He subsequently underwent arthrocentesis of the right temporomandibular joint and perceived a good clinical improvement until he developed progressive pain in the left temporomandibular joint and radiating to the left side of the face. He underwent partial condylectomy and discopexy following which all of his symptoms improved; which drives us to question if bifid mandibular condyle is the hidden cause for bilateral temporomandibular joint pain.

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Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review

Cited by 19 publications

References 65 publications

Unilateral bifid condyle: a case report

Unilateral bifid condyle: a case report

Treatment of Atypical Bifid Mandibular Condyle Associated with Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint

Bifid Mandibular Condyle as the Hidden Cause for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

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