Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a 40-Year-Old Man with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia

Gaba, Waqar Haider; Ahmed, Deena Yousef; Nuaimi, Rawdha Khaleefa Al; Dhanhani, Aishah Ali; Eatamadi, Habibullah

doi:10.12659/ajcr.927691

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Management is with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in the established phase. [ 35 36 37 38 ] In patients with systemic comorbidities with severe COVID-19 infection, early anticoagulant prophylaxis should be considered. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) Sudden onset of painless vision loss can herald the occlusion of central retinal artery with grave visual prognosis.…”

Section: Posterior Segment Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Eye

Sen

Honavar

Sharma

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

276

141

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The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had health implications of unprecedented magnitude. The infection can range from asymptomatic, mild to life threatening respiratory distress. It can affect almost every organ of the body. Ophthalmologists world over are reporting various manifestations of the infection in the eye. This review was undertaken to help ophthalmologists recognize the possible manifestations and the stage of the viral disease when they commonly appear. Literature search was performed for the publications on ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2021. 46 case reports, 8 case series, 11 cross sectional/cohort observational studies, 5 prospective interventional studies, 3 animal models/autopsy studies and 6 reviews/meta-analysis were included. Conjunctivitis is the most common manifestation and can develop at any stage of the disease. Direct effect due to virus, immune mediated tissue damage, activation of the coagulation cascade and prothrombotic state induced by the viral infection, the associated comorbidities and drugs used in the management are responsible for the findings in the eye. The viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been isolated from ocular tissues but the role of eye as a route for infection is yet to be substantiated. Ophthalmic manifestations may be the presenting feature of COVID-19 infection or they may develop several weeks after recovery. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possible associations of ocular diseases with SARS-CoV-2 in order to ask relevant history, look for specific signs, advise appropriate tests and thereby mitigate the spread of infection as well as diagnose and initiate early treatment for life and vision threatening complications.

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Section: Posterior Segment Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Eye

Sen

Honavar

Sharma

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

276

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Apparently, SARS-CoV-2 can be found at several levels in the ocular tissues, from the conjunctiva (80) to the retina (81) even though no specific uveitis have been associated to COVID-19. By contrast, several authors have highlighted the presence of non-specific signs of retinal perfusion impairment (82,83) as well as the occurrence of sight threatening thrombotic events affecting the retinal vasculature in COVID-19 patients (84,85).…”

Section: Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Manage COVID-19 Vaccination in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: An Expert Opinion by IMIDs Study Group

et al. 2021

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Since March 2020, the outbreak of Sars-CoV-2 pandemic has changed medical practice and daily routine around the world. Huge efforts from pharmacological industries have led to the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In particular two mRNA vaccines, namely the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and a viral-vectored vaccine, i.e. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), have recently been approved in Europe. Clinical trials on these vaccines have been published on the general population showing a high efficacy with minor adverse events. However, specific data about the efficacy and safety of these vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are still lacking. Moreover, the limited availability of these vaccines requires prioritizing some vulnerable categories of patients compared to others. In this position paper, we propose the point of view about the management of COVID-19 vaccination from Italian experts on IMIDs and the identification of high-risk groups according to the different diseases and their chronic therapy.

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“…This case is a 52-year-old male and does not have any underlying medical condition to possibly cause RVO, such as diabetes, hypertension, or tuberculosis, indicating RVO occurs secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent more papers demonstrated several cases with central RVO [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, it is still unclear whether it is caused by the direct SARS-CoV-2 infection to the retina or by thrombosis in the retinal vascular vessels due to the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19.…”

Section: Ocular Signs Of Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Ocular Surface and Prevention Strategies

Kitazawa

Deinhardt‐Emmer

Inomata

et al. 2021

Cells

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health problem. Although the respiratory system is the main impaired organ, conjunctivitis is one of its common findings. However, it is not yet understood if SARS-CoV-2 can infect the eye and if the ocular surface can be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. Our review focuses on the viral entry mechanisms to give a better understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the eye. We highlighted findings that give evidence for multiple potential receptors of SARS-CoV-2 on the ocular surface. Additionally, we focused on data concerning the detection of viral RNA and its spike protein in the various ocular tissues from patients. However, the expression level seemed to be relatively low compared to the respiratory tissues as a result of a unique environment surrounding the ocular surface and the innate immune response of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, our review suggests the ocular surface as a potential route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and as a result of this study we strongly recommend the protection of the eyes for ophthalmologists and patients at risk.

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Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a 40-Year-Old Man with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia

Cited by 83 publications

References 5 publications

COVID-19 and Eye

COVID-19 and Eye

How to Manage COVID-19 Vaccination in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: An Expert Opinion by IMIDs Study Group

The Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Ocular Surface and Prevention Strategies

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