“…This polysemy and simultaneity make photographs difficult to use as scientific data (Fuhs, 1997). There are also complexities related to if, how, and when photographs should be translated into language (i.e., whether a transformation from iconic or presentative symbolization to discursive symbolization occurs), as well as questions related to whether photographs can be fully interpreted at all (see, e.g., Breckner, 2012; Müller-Doohm, 1997; Shannon-Baker & Edwards, 2018). To tackle these challenges, different photograph analysis methods have been developed (see Table 2).…”