Bile Acid Detection Techniques and Bile Acid-Related Diseases

Zhao, Xiang; Liu, Zitian; Sun, Fuyun; Yao, Lunjin; Yang, Guangwei; Wang, Kexin

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.826740

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…[13] Significant microbiota diversity and higher reabsorption of primary and secondary BAs, approximately 95%, is found in the ileum. [20,21] Since 90% of the total gut microbiota is composed of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, an imbalance between these phyla triggers dysbiosis. [3] A higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio is observed in obese patients, as the increased energy from food contributes to increased energy absorption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

Petito‐da‐Silva,

Villardi,

Penna‐de‐Carvalho

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeTo analyze the effects of fexaramine (FEX), as an intestinal FXR agonist, on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and ileum of mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet.Methods and resultsThree‐month‐old C57Bl/6 male mice are divided into two groups and received a control (C, 10% of energy from lipids) or HF (50% of energy from lipids) diet for 12 weeks. They are subdivided into the C, C + FEX, HF, and HF + FEX groups. FEX is administered (FEX‐5 mg kg−1) via orogastric gavage for three weeks. Body mass (BM), glucose metabolism, qPCR 16S rRNA gene expression, and ileum gene expression, bile acids (BAs), tight junctions (TJs), and incretin are analyzed. FEX reduces BM and glucose intolerance, reduces plasma lipid concentrations and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increases the Lactobacillus sp. and Prevotella sp. abundance, and reduces the Escherichia coli abundance. Consequently, the ileal gene expression of Fxr‐Fgf15, Tgr5‐Glp1, and Cldn‐Ocldn‐Zo1 is increased, and Tlr4‐Il6‐Il1beta is decreased.ConclusionFEX stimulates intestinal FXR and improves dysbiosis, intestinal TJs, and the release of incretins, mitigating glucose intolerance and BM increases induced by an HF diet. However, FEX results in glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and reduces intestinal TJs in a control group, thus demonstrating limitations to this dietary model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

Petito‐da‐Silva,

Villardi,

Penna‐de‐Carvalho

et al. 2023

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…In recent years, LC–MS/MS has been a rapidly developing quantitative analysis technology. It has become the most popular method for bile acid profile detection due to its characteristics of high selectivity, high sensitivity, and high throughput (Zhao et al, 2022). This study developed and verified a simple and rapid LC–MS/MS method for the determination of 15 bile acids in human serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, healthy individuals have a steady and low concentration of serum bile acids. However, changes in the bile acid profile are associated with the development of many diseases such as hepatobiliary diseases (hepatitis, liver cirrhosis), gastrointestinal disease (colon cancer), metabolic diseases (cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes), and nervous system diseases (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease; Li & Chiang, 2009; Zhao et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 15 bile acids in human serum and its application to patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Liu

Cui

Liu

et al. 2023

Biomedical Chromatography

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Liver cirrhosis is currently the twelfth leading cause of death globally and the sixth leading cause of death in China. Its treatment is expensive. Changes in the composition of the serum bile acid pool are sensitive indicators of the severity of liver cirrhosis. In this study, a novel LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and used to simultaneously determine 15 bile acids in human serum in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Sample preparation involved spiking with isotope internal standards followed by protein precipitation. The analytical run time was 5 min. The LC-MS/MS method was fully validated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C62A and the consensus of method development and validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in clinical laboratories.The method achieved an acceptable coefficient of variation for precision (0.83%-14.80%) and accuracy (89.39%-107.62%). Finally, as proof of applicability, the method was applied to patients with decompensated cirrhosis in routine clinical sample analysis. The degree of variation of different bile acids was clearly shown. These results indicated that abnormal metabolic pathways might play important roles in decompensated cirrhosis.bile acids, decompensated cirrhosis, human serum, LC-MS/MS | INTRODUCTIONLiver cirrhosis is now the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide and the sixth leading cause of death in China. The only curative therapy is liver transplantation, which is expensive. As a result, liver cirrhosis remains a global health challenge, despite mass vaccination campaigns to prevent viral hepatitis (Chen et al., 2016;Lozano et al., 2012). Pathologically, liver cirrhosis comprises compensated and decompensated stages. In general, the common end stage of liver disease is decompensated cirrhosis, which has high short-term mortality.Currently, liver biopsy represents the gold standard for the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis severity. However, the fragility of

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“…18 The existing techniques to identify this rely primarily on mass spectrometry. 19 Steroid recognition with synthetic supramolecular receptors is a long-standing pursuit. 20 A few synthetic supramolecular receptors are known to bind steroids in aqueous environments, 21−26 along with a few more operating in nonaqueous solvents.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Organic Cage Receptors for Encapsulation and Sensing of Bile Acids

Paul,

Natarajan

2024

Inorg. Chem.

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Developing synthetic supramolecular receptors to solubilize, scavenge, recognize, encapsulate, and sense steroids is challenging. Despite a limited number of receptors having affinity with steroids, none exists to bind steroidal bile acids selectively. Herein, we report a C 2 -symmetric metal−organic cage [Pd 6 L2 4 ] 12+ and an expanded version of the Fujita cage [Pd 6 L1 4 ] 12+ , built with a conformationally flexible ligand L2, accessed through coordinationdriven self-assembly. We examined both cages for steroid recognition in water: both have certain shared characteristics and distinctive features. [Pd 6 L1 4 ] 12+ binds hydrophobic bile acids and other steroids by forming a 1:1 complex. In contrast, the expanded [Pd 6 L2 4 ] 12+ cage exhibits an affinity for amphiphilic bile acids and selective steroids to encapsulate them as dimers, promoted by cooperative interguest hydrogen bonding. [Pd 6 L2 4 ] 12+ has a 5 times stronger solubility enhancement ability for cholic acid compared to [Pd 6 L1 4 ] 12+ . Further, the expanded [Pd 6 L2 4 ] 12+ cage can selectively sense bile acids in nanomolar detection limits through indicator displacement assay by employing sulforhodamine 101 (SR101).

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Bile Acid Detection Techniques and Bile Acid-Related Diseases

Cited by 19 publications

References 98 publications

An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

An Intestinal FXR Agonist Mitigates Dysbiosis, Intestinal Tight Junctions, and Inflammation in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice

A simple and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 15 bile acids in human serum and its application to patients with decompensated cirrhosis

Metal–Organic Cage Receptors for Encapsulation and Sensing of Bile Acids

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