Biliary Reflux Due to Sphincter of Oddi Ablation: A New Pathogenetic Explanation for Long-Term Major Biliary Symptoms After Endoscopic-Sphincterotomy

Anomalous opening of the common bile duct into the duodenal bulb: endoscopic treatment

“…It is proposed that duodenobiliary reflux and temporary obstructions cause the cholangitis attacks without restenosis. This idea is supported by evidences like barium or air reflux (pneumobilia) through the biliary tract [29] and extraction of food debris in some cases from the CBD[25]. …”

The best approach for diagnosing primary sclerosing cholangitis

“…Furthermore, when performing ERCP in patients with cholestatic disease, a wide papillotomy may be necessary for complete contrast wash-out of the biliary tree. Afterward, duodenal-biliary reflux may occur, leading to chronic biliary contamination 16,17…”