BIM and GIS Integration and Interoperability Based on Semantic Web Technology

A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

“…This platform is an extension of facility management ACTIVe3D [84] by defining the spatial, temporal and multi-representation concepts. In addition, Karan, et al [85] introduced a similar work frame as Beetz's, however, a more detailed framework and workflow has been presented in their study.…”

“…Currently, the development of semantic data models is mainly a manual and time-costly process, especially at early stage [86]. One of the potential solution is to develop a converter at sever-side using programing tools, such as PHP scripting language [85]. In addition, the isolated and independent development of ontologies within one particular domain is another constraints of heterogeneous data fusion.…”

A Critical Review of the Integration of Geographic Information System and Building Information Modelling at the Data Level

“…This approach usually comprises three steps: first, ontologies are constructed for both fields; second, ontology mapping is used to link similar relationships or concepts between the source and target ontologies, which outputs an extended ontology containing all classes and properties from both GIS and BIM domains. Third, GIS data and building elements are translated into semantic web standards, after which a query language, such as SPARQL, could be used to retrieve the information needed from the model [65]. Karan and Irizarry used this approach in an attempt to extend BIM's scope to the preconstruction planning phase by enabling site layout design that tends to be done by GIS [66].…”

Trends and Opportunities of BIM-GIS Integration in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction Industry: A Review from a Spatio-Temporal Statistical Perspective

“…In addition, to ensure the construction details, geometric topological and semantic topological modelling are applied on capturing 3D features [49], such as the application of floor topology detection [50]. A series of methods are also proposed to ensure the interoperability of BIM and GIS, such as semantic web technology [51,52], semantic-based multi-representation approach [53], implementation of prototype [54], and resources description framework (RDF) [55].…”