BIM-Based Methodology for the Management of Public Heritage. CASE Study: Algeciras Market Hall

Abstract

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is modifying the workflow of the construction field, not only in design and construction stages but also for the management of the facilities. Most advances in academics and industry have focussed on the use of BIM for building. However, the possibilities of the use of three-dimensional information models for the construction and management of public works and civil engineering infrastructure projects (known as CIM) are still a matter of concern, being complex though offering a wider number of possibilities when compared with regular building industry. Moreover, the construction process in comparison with its lifespan represent only a small part of the investments for the use of public works. With this background, the possibilities based on BIM for the maintenance and rehabilitation of public heritage (HCIM) can greatly improve traditional management capabilities. Making best use of BIM and digitalisation for the management of public heritage (HCIM) requires creating tools for documentation, registering and data management to permit the adequate information transfer between the actors involved. Such actors may be experts or not and hold or not skills to use BIM tools. This study proposes the creation of a database to support the regular inspection during the lifespan of the infrastructure and connect it with the three-dimensional information model, serving the latter as an information repository of the whole life of the infrastructure. Such data include damage and causes as well as a description of the pathology and this information is referred to each element, showing all the historic measures taken. In addition, quantification and quotation of the repairs needed can be obtained. Lastly, the study has applied this methodology in Algeciras Market Hall, the notorious rationalist building designed by the engineer Eduardo Torroja and built in 1935. The results shown in this study can be of great interest for both researchers and practice, with an adaptation and innovation of the BIM and HCIM possibilities.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) Driven Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism

“…Cultural heritage conservation is a key driver of urban regeneration [8] and a top priority in the context of sustainable urban development [9]. As shown in Table 1, the research often employs case studies [3,9,26,31,47,50,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. The most sustainable approach to maintain heritage is through adaptive reuse [25,90,93], focused on developing cultural heritage tourism [25], adapting urban public areas [86,94], and adapting housing [57].…”

“…As shown in Table 1, the case study [10,16,23,35,52,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] is the most employed research method, which reveal that the main architectural heritage conservation measures are prevention, treatment, restoration, revitalisation, and reconstruction. Preventive conservation is the most effective conservation measure [59] since it prevents or reduces the occurrence of damage [47], lowering the cost of keeping the built heritage [81]. Risk management [89] and structural evaluation [10] are critical measures for conservation and intervention, in which BIM assists in assessing the vulnerability of built heritage to natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and floods, thereby assisting in the development of risk mitigation strategies [10,23].…”

Analysis of the State of Building Conservation through Study of Damage and Its Evolution with the State of Conservation Assessment BIM Model (SCABIM)

“…The family generated to locate instances of damage can be seen in Figure 7. One element was modelled to locate instances of damage in the model [47], starting with a generic model face-based family template. The geometry modelled has already been used in some examples contained in the book published by the Official College of Surveyors, Technical Architects and Building Engineers of Madrid, "BIM in Existing Buildings" [48].…”

Using Building Information Modelling to map the composition of glass panes in a historic house

“…While this is technically possible, only recently researchers have started to utilise BIM approaches to map damage. Some prominent examples are the mapping of salt efflorescence and other surface pathologies in the Algeciras Market (Bazán et al, 2021), the tracking of crack formation in a castle (Martín-Lerones et al, 2021), and the parametric modelling of a diversity of surface decay mechanisms enabled by Dynamo (Lanzara et al, 2021). The assessment of damage within BIM is sometimes combined with GIS software, such as in the mapping of material pathologies at different buildings of the Forbidden City in Beijing (Qin et al, 2021).…”