Bimodally dispersed silver paste for the metallization of a crystalline silicon solar cell using electrohydrodynamic jet printing

Shin, Dong-Youn; Seo, Jung-Kil; Tak, Hyowon; Byun, Doyoung

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.01.008

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar ink formulation can also be used for preparing gravure‐printed AgNW ink . In order to form a crack‐free dense microstructure that adheres well to substrates, nano‐ or micrometer‐sized glass frits were often applied to the AgNP or Ag flake ink …”

Section: Formulation Of Conductive Nanomaterials Inkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

359

347

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PE has been explored for the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic devices by printing functional inks containing soluble or dispersed materials, [14][15][16] which has enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films (TCFs), flexible energy harvesting and storage, thin film transistors (TFTs), electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The global PE market should reach $26.6 billion by 2022 from $14.0 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%. [25] PE devices are manufactured by a variety of printing technologies. Typical printing technologies can be divided into two broad categories: noncontact patterning (or nozzle-based patterning) and contact-based patterning. The noncontact techniques include inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, aerosol jet printing, and slot die coating, while screen printing, gravure printing, and flexographic printing are examples of the contact techniques. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they all rely on the principle of transferring inks to a substrate. Understanding the characteristics and recent advances of each printing technique is important to further the progress in PE. Moreover, to promote the lab-scale printing technologies to large-scale production process, roll-toroll (R2R) printing, which is one of the manufacturing methods to obtain large-area films with low cost and excellent durability, has drawn much attention from both industry and the research community.Nearly all of devices based on PE require conductive structures, interconnects, and contacts; therefore, highly conductive patterns, usually with high transparency and/or high resolution, fabricated by means of printing conductive materials are one of the most critical components in PE devices. Various printable conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires) and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), have been explored and used as major materials for PE. Applying printing technology to deposition of the conductive nanomaterials requires formulation of suitable inks. After depositing inks on different substrates, post-printing treatment, Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role infacilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial-based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post-printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologie...

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Section: Formulation Of Conductive Nanomaterials Inkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

359

347

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The aerosol flow in AJP is essentially a multiphase flow composed of three components: (i) solid nanoparticles suspended in a (ii) liquid environment forming the ink droplets conveyed by a flow of (iii) carrier gas (usually Nitrogen) [42][43][44]. The density-based Navier-Stokes algorithm was employed to solve the multiphase problem, which is a high-speed compressible flow in a nozzle with complex geometry.…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Online Monitoring of Aerosol Jet Printing Process

Salary

Lombardi

Tootooni

et al. 2016

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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The objectives of this paper in the context of aerosol jet printing (AJP)—an additive manufacturing (AM) process—are to: (1) realize in situ online monitoring of print quality in terms of line/electronic trace morphology; and (2) explain the causal aerodynamic interactions that govern line morphology based on a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (2D-CFD) model. To realize these objectives, an Optomec AJ-300 aerosol jet printer was instrumented with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera mounted coaxial to the nozzle (perpendicular to the platen). Experiments were conducted by varying two process parameters, namely, sheath gas flow rate (ShGFR) and carrier gas flow rate (CGFR). The morphology of the deposited lines was captured from the online CCD images. Subsequently, using a novel digital image processing method proposed in this study, six line morphology attributes were quantified. The quantified line morphology attributes are: (1) line width, (2) line density, (3) line edge quality/smoothness, (4) overspray (OS), (5) line discontinuity, and (6) internal connectivity. The experimentally observed line morphology trends as a function of ShGFR and CGFR were verified with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The image-based line morphology quantifiers proposed in this work can be used for online detection of incipient process drifts, while the CFD model is valuable to ascertain the appropriate corrective action to bring the process back in control in case of a drift.

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“…In a previous study, AgNPs with sizes of 12 and 80 nm were mixed in a weight proportion of 15/85% to form a bimodal ink that was sintered at 150–200 °C to enhance the electrical properties . Mixtures of different sizes of nanoparticles have also been applied in other metallic inks and pastes by optimizing the final geometry ratio to improve the conductivity and mechanical properties . Herein, according to our compact matching assumption we synthesized a bimodal AgNP ink for inkjet printing using 10 and 50 nm AgNPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties of a Printed Bimodal Silver Nanoparticle Ink for Flexible Electronics

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Electrical patterns that can be formed with high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness under mild conditions are critical for developing flexible electronics with heat-sensitive substrates. Here, the authors synthesize bimodal Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) inks by mixing two sizes of AgNPs (10 and 50 nm) and sintering them at room temperature in air on photopaper without any heat or chemical treatment. The optimized particle size ratio, sintered microstructures, and properties of the bimodal inks are systematically investigated and compared with those of the unimodal inks. These inks are printed and sintered at room temperature in air using accurate and controllable washing processes. An optimized resistivity as low as 3.66Â10 À6 Ω cm is obtained when the ratio of the 10 nm AgNPs to the 50 nm AgNPs is 2:1. The bimodal ink could be printed in a short time and exhibited good bending performance with reduced coffeering defects. The enhanced performance indicates that even just by matching the particle sizes and using the appropriate cleaning process, the bimodal AgNPs ink could be sintered with uniform morphologies throughout the repeated printing process to achieve a remarkably low resistivity. The proposed water-based bimodal AgNP ink will enable one-step inkjet printing and sintering for the first time with improved properties and convenience for developing highly sensitive flexible substrates and devices.

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Bimodally dispersed silver paste for the metallization of a crystalline silicon solar cell using electrohydrodynamic jet printing

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Online Monitoring of Aerosol Jet Printing Process

Enhanced Electrical and Mechanical Properties of a Printed Bimodal Silver Nanoparticle Ink for Flexible Electronics

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