Bio- and toxic elements in edible wild mushrooms from two regions of potentially different environmental conditions in eastern Poland

Abstract

In the present study, the composition of bio-elements (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) and toxic elements (Ag, Cd) in seven edible mushrooms from the rural and woodland region of Morąg (north-eastern Poland) and the rural and industrial region of the Tarnobrzeska Upland (south-eastern Poland) were investigated using a validated method. The species examined were Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Leccinum aurantiacum, Leccinum versipelle, Lycoperdon perlatum, Suillus luteus, and Xerocomus subtomentosus. Final determination was carried out by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) after microwave-assisted decomposition of sample matrices with solutions of concentrated nitric acid in the pressurized polytetrafluoroethylene vessels. The contents of the alkali elements and alkali earth elements were determined in the species surveyed. The alkali elements, earth alkali elements, and transition metals (Ag, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) were at typical concentrations as was determined for the same or similar species elsewhere in Poland and Europe. The results may suggest a lack of local and regional emissions of those metallic elements from industrialization of some sites in the Tarnobrzeska Plain. Cadmium was at elevated concentrations in L. versipelle from the Tarnobrzeska Plain but the reason—pollution or geogenic source—was unknown, while it was at typical concentrations in other species.

Bio-concentration potential and associations of heavy metals in Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. from northern regions of Poland

“…2017a ). The situation is different in the region of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains in southcentral Poland and towards the south, where some minerals, the copper, zinc, lead, and iron ores are or were major resources (Brzezicha-Cirocka et al 2016 ), as well as in southwestern Poland with a large Cu ore deposit in the Legnica region (in the European part of the Circum Pacific Mercuriferous Belt anomaly, and these deposits are enriched with associated elements (Gustin et al 1999 ; www. 2017b ).…”

Mineral Composition of Three Popular Wild Mushrooms from Poland

“…In many countries (South Africa, Turkey, Greece, Serbia, China, and others), numerous studies have been conducted on the mineral composition of various species of fungi to more accurately estimate their nutritional and health value and the mechanism of accumulation of individual components [ 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In Poland, large-scale analyses have been conducted, among others, by Falandysz, whose numerous reports concern a wide spectrum of elements determined in many species of mushrooms collected in various sites in Poland and around the world [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Siwulski, Mleczek, and Rzymski have also carried out numerous studies on cultivated and wild mushrooms from non-contaminated and contaminated areas [ 26 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Nonvolatile taste components, nutritional values, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three wild Chanterelle mushrooms

“…Brzezichacirocka et al . () reported the range of the median values for Fe in mushrooms was at 35–460 mg kg −1 DW. Our result was similar to the previous report.…”