Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels

Abstract

Petroleumh as dominated the energy landscape and transportation sector for more than ac entury. However,s imilar to a cresting, powerful wave, new green technologiesa re providing efficient pathways to bio-based cycloalkanes that will supplement and eventually supplant petroleum-based jet fuel. In the cover designw ed epict the coming "green wave" of high-performance sustainable jet fuels.

Light-driven (cross-)dimerization of terpenes as a route to renewable C15 – C30 crudes for fuel and lubricant oil applications

“…Furthermore, earlier reports proposed to use C18-C20 hydrocarbons blends suitable for jet fuels. 25,26,34,53 Therefore, this could also be an alternative end-use to the crudes HAPD and HMD.…”

“…31,32 As such, the precursor molecule of terpenes, isoprene 4, undergoes triplet photosensitized dimerization to give [2+2], [4+2] and [4+4] photocycloaddition products under near-UV light. 33 Since cycloalkanes are reported as high energy density combustion fuels, 34 our group has recently reported on a fruitful route to solar jet fuels, where the photobiologically produced isoprene is subject to photosensitized dimerization. 35 Herein, we apply the photochemical dimerization approach to mono-and sesquiterpenes bearing conjugated diene, e.g.…”

Thermal cyclodimerization of isoprene for the production of high-performance sustainable aviation fuel

“…1,2 Although a number of ground vehicles can be powered by electricity, the enormous power requirements of commercial and military jet aircraft suggest that the development of energy-dense, hydrocarbon-based sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) will be critical for supporting global commerce while reducing net greenhouse gas emissions. 1,3 Current SAFs are based on acyclic synthetic paraffinic kerosenes (SPKs) that have outstanding gravimetric net heats of combustion (NHOCs), but low densities, and low volumetric NHOCs. 4,5 Furthermore, these SPKs are not effective at swelling nitrile rubber engine seals, which requires them to be blended with conventional jet fuel to ensure engine integrity and compatibility with fuel storage and delivery systems.…”

“…A number of selective methods for the production of bio-based cycloalkanes have been developed. 3 For example, our group studied alkyl cyclobutane fuels generated by [Fe]-catalyzed [2+2]cycloaddition of unactivated alkenes. 12 Multicyclic hydrocarbons like tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) have been synthesized from furfural 13 while dimethyltetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (RJ-4) has been synthesized from bio-based substrates including linalool, 14 and cellulose-derived platform chemicals.…”

Solvent-free dehydration, cyclization, and hydrogenation of linalool with a dual heterogeneous catalyst system to generate a high-performance sustainable aviation fuel

“…orldwide annual CO 2 emissions attributable to aviation are roughly one billion tons or 2% of the global total 1 . Although a minor contributor to CO 2 emissions compared to ground transportation, the aviation industry is much more challenging to decarbonize due to the extensive power requirements of commercial and military aircraft 2 . Whereas a rapid expansion of ground vehicles powered by electricity 3 , fuel cells 4 , and hybrid technologies is poised to make a large dent in emissions, these technologies are not easily translated to the aviation sector.…”