Bio‐based polymeric resin from agricultural waste, neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake, for green composites

Abstract

Protein‐based polymeric resin has been developed from nonconventional and nonedible “neem seed cake (NSC)” that has very limited low‐value applications. Neem protein (NP), after extraction from defatted NSC, was used to prepare resin with two common plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol). Properties of the NP resin sheets were evaluated as a function of plasticizer content. Increase of plasticizer content in NP sheets from 15 to 30% (w/w) enhanced fracture strain with a reduction in tensile strength, modulus, and thermal properties. Sorbitol‐plasticized NP sheets showed better mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to glycerol‐plasticized sheets. Effect of cross‐linking with glyoxal on the mechanical and thermal properties of sorbitol‐plasticized NP sheets was also investigated. Properties improved significantly at 10% (w/w) glyoxal content. Overall, with the enhanced properties of NP sheets, NP can be a viable alternative for edible protein‐based resin for making green composites. NP resin can also be used to replace some synthetic resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 10.1002/app.41291.

Green and Sustainable Separation of Natural Products from Agro-Industrial Waste: Challenges, Potentialities, and Perspectives on Emerging Approaches

“…Other potential scalable approaches have been described, such as enzymatic [107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114], alkaline [115][116][117][118][119][120] and based on different types of aqueous media (e.g., cyclodextrins, montmorillonite K-10/LiOH, green liquor) [121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130]; ionic liquids [131][132][133][134][135], deep eutectic solvents [136][137][138], constituting alternative methods for the recovery of high added-value compounds from agro-industrial waste aiming at obtaining the best analytical, economical and socio-environmental compromise [139][140][141][142].…”

A comparative study on electrosprayed, layer‐by‐layer, and chemically grafted nanomembranes loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles

“…It is a quality control measurement for color matching. For textile and fiber analysis it can be useful to very reactions and examine optical effects of treatments …”

Microfibrillated cellulose‐reinforced nonedible starch‐based thermoset biocomposites

“…On the other hand, the residues (defatted seed cakes) from many agro‐seeds from which oils/fats are extracted for use in food or cosmetics remain mostly as waste. These defatted seed cakes are rich sources of secondary metabolites consisting mostly of starch and/or protein which can be easily extracted and used for nonfood applications as bio‐based green resins for fiber reinforced composites or films for packaging, coatings, mulches, etc …”