Bio-based polyurethane foam preparation employing lignin from corn stalk enzymatic hydrolysis residues

Zhu, Shiyun; Chen, Kefu; Xu, Jun; Li, Jun; Mo, Lihuan

doi:10.1039/c8ra01089g

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…1. The obtained spectrum showed well-resolved signals for aliphatic OH (146-149 ppm), phenolic 5-substituted OH (140.5-144.5 ppm), guaiacyl OH (138.5-140.5 ppm), p-hydroxy OH (137.5-138.5 ppm) and carboxylic acid (134.2-135.5 ppm) groups present in lignin [32,33]. Based on the integration area and amount of internal standard, the total OH groups content was determined to be 4.99 mmol/g (mmol of OH group per g dry lignin).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, increased lignin content brought higher proportion of phenolic OH groups whose reactivities with isocyanates were lower than aliphatic OH groups [27]. The absorption band at 3330 cm −1 is related to N-H stretching vibration [33]. It was noted that lignin-containing PU and W-PU samples presented peak at 2273 cm −1 , which corresponded to unreacted NCO groups.…”

Section: Reactivity Of Foam Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This was probably due to the relatively lower OH reactivity of lignin, which resulted in a slower gelation reaction with the increased lignin content. A slower gelation reaction rate led to more gases escaping from the foam structure and hence smaller void volumes and higher densities [33]. The density of W-PU samples ranged from 47 to 96 kg/m 3 upon incorporating 5-20% lignin, retaining an acceptable density.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

2020

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Density reduction has become a topical issue in wood composite materials for application in building and furniture. In this study, lightweight wood-polyurethane (W-PU) composite foams with the addition of 30 wt% wood particles were prepared. Industrial kraft lignin was used as bio-polyol to substitute partial petroleum-based diethylene glycol (DEG) to synthesize rigid W-PU foams. The effect of varying lignin contents (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% based on DEG mass) on the reactivity, morphology, density, compressive properties, water absorption and thermal stability of the foams was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of characteristic urethane linkages in all the foam samples. With the incorporation of lignin, the foam cellular shape became irregular with formation of large cells. W-PU foams exhibited poor cellular structures with a larger number of open cells. The density of W-PU foams increased from 47 to 96 kg/m 3 as the lignin content increased from 0 to 20%. Although the foam reactivity was decreased by the incorporation of lignin, both the compressive strength and modulus were increased upon the incorporation of lignin. Furthermore, the specific compressive strength and modulus of W-PU foams increased by 55% and 48% with lignin content increasing from 0 to 20%, and the 20-day water absorption decreased by 38%. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the incorporation of lignin did not significantly affect the thermal degradation behaviour of foam, but it rather increased the mass of char residue. This study provides a promising method for value-added utilization of technical lignin in W-PU lightweight composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Reactivity Of Foam Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

2020

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“…Lignin is considered as a by‐product hence, most of the amount of lignin is burned in the environment to recover energy; only 1–2% of annually produced lignin is used in chemical industries. Recently, researchers have been developing processes for liquefaction of lignin for synthesizing biobased polyols . Zhu et al .…”

Section: Plant Oil Based Polyurethane Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, researchers have been developing processes for liquefaction of lignin for synthesizing biobased polyols . Zhu et al . have synthesized lignin‐based PUFs by extracting lignin from enzymatic hydrolysis residues, which is nothing but the residue of the cellulosic ethanol industry.…”

Section: Plant Oil Based Polyurethane Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in Plant Oil Derived Polyol‐Based Polyurethane Foam for Future Perspective: A Review

Singh

Samal

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Polyurethane foams (PUFs) are widely used materials because of their wide range of applications, particularly, thermal and sound insulation, mattresses, furniture, construction, cushioning, packaging, transportation of goods, etc. Recently, commercial PUF products fabricated from plant oil (PO)‐based polyols have gained increasing popularity, because of their low cost and eco‐friendly nature in comparison to petroleum‐based PUF. To date, insufficient reviews have been reported in the area of modification of plant oils for synthesizing polyol for foam synthesis. Due to abundant availability, low‐cost, and renewable nature of plant oils, they are being used as precursors for modern polyurethane industry use. There is a need for versatile and economical methods for conversion of plant oils such as castor oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO) into useful polyols for industry use. This review is an overview of the most recent advanced methods for the conversion of plant oils into polyol and further utilization of it for commercial PUF products. Since the last decade, many researchers have shown that plant‐polyol‐derived PUF can compete with conventional PUF. Practical Applications: Practical applications of the PO‐based polyurethane foams include thermal insulation, sound insulation, packaging, and waste water treatment.

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Castor oil‐based polyols with gradually increasing functionalities for biopolyurethane synthesis

Park

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this research, castor oil‐based polyols with gradual increasing functionalities were prepared using thiol‐ene photo click reaction. The polyols were prepared by facile and efficient photo‐click reaction using thiols with different number of hydroxyl groups. The polyols were successfully synthesized using a modified bio‐oxygen demand (BOD) reactor and their structures were characterized. The hydroxyl number of the prepared polyols gradually increased depending on the thiol used for preparation. The increased hydroxyl number resulted in increased crosslinking densities for the prepared polyurethanes. The effect of the increasing crosslinking density and structure of the polyols on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane were investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48304.

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Bio-based polyurethane foam preparation employing lignin from corn stalk enzymatic hydrolysis residues

Abstract: Enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) from corn stalk are industrial waste from the cellulosic ethanol industry.

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

Recent Advancement in Plant Oil Derived Polyol‐Based Polyurethane Foam for Future Perspective: A Review

Castor oil‐based polyols with gradually increasing functionalities for biopolyurethane synthesis

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