Bio-Control Potentials of Trichoderma spp. Against Sclerotium rolfsii the Causative of Root and Crown Rot in Tomato, Common Bean and Cabbage

Abstract

In the current study, evaluation the ability of three isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii isolated from tomato, bean and cabbage to infect their host plants and two non-host plants was carried out. Tomato plants were strongly affected with the three isolates of the pathogen followed by cabbage plants, whereas common bean plants were the least in this respect. Six species of Trichoderma were examined for their bio-control potentials against S. rolfsii the causative of root rot in tomato, common bean and cabbage. In vitro antagonistic test showed that T. koningii exhibited high inhibitory effect as the percentage of inhibition value was higher in case of S. rolfsii (tomato isolate) followed by T. harzianum with S. rolfsii (bean isolate) and S. rolfsii (cabbage isolate). Under greenhouse conditions; T. koningii, T. viride and T. harzianum showed the highest antagonistic effect against the three isolates of S. rolfsii in pots experiment. Microscopic examinations showed that most of Trichoderma spp. grew over mycelia of the tested pathogen with surrounded, coiling, lysis of hyphae and collapse of mycelium. T. koningii and T. viride exhibited the best performance regarding to the defense enzyme secretion; chitinase and β-glucanase followed by T. harzianum. Also, all the tested Trichoderma spp. produced Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA) as a plant growth promoting substances in variable values.

Controlling of Crown and Root Rot in Tomato Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

“…Sclerotium rolfsii is a saprophytic soilborne fungus, occurs worldwide and infects more than 500 plant species including tomato, cucumber, soybean, maize, groundnut, bean, watermelon, etc. (Yaqub and Shahzad, 2005;El-El-Ashmony et al, 2017 andKamel et al, 2020). Many experiments have been undertaken to reduce using fungicides because of its environmental pollution and may contribute to the production of fungicideresistant strains.…”

“…Also, neem and other essential oils of plants had been studied before to clarify their effect on pathogen growth (Chung, 2006, Dandare et al, 2014Campos et al, 2016 andOsman et al, 2017). Trichoderma harzianum, P. fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, yeasts and other microorganisms are previously used as bioagents for several pathogens (Harman, 2000;Paul and Sharma, 2006;Ahmed et al, 2016;El-El-Ashmony et al, 2017;Sarhan, 2018 andKamel et al, 2020).…”

“…These results are harmony with those previously recorded by Ahmed et al (2016); El-Ashmony et al (2017); Sarhan et al, (2018) and Farag and Aref (2019). The seed or seedling treatment by biocontrol agents is more applicable methods to control root pathogens because other methods need much higher amount of inocula, the bioagents are able to establish itself in rizosphere and colonize the developed growing roots (Tsahourduo and Thanassoulpoulls, 2002;Kamel et al, 2020 andKetta et al, 2021).…”

“…harzianum is a common soil species and is used in biological control of a variety of plantpathogenic fungi (Marra et al, 2006). It was found to be an effective biological control agent for protecting a number of crop plants from damage induced by S. rolfsii under both greenhouse and field conditions (Zhang et al, 2016 andKamel et al, 2020).…”

The Competitive Potential of Different Trichoderma spp. to Control Rhizoctonia Root Rot Disease of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

“…Trichoderma spp. act through different modes of action, i.e., mycoparasitism (Abd-El-Moity et al, 2003;Atia, 2005;Almeida et al, 2007 andKamel et al, 2020). During mycoparasitic interactions, hydrolytic enzymes such as glucanase, chitinase and protease are produced by Trichoderma spp.…”