Bio-inspired algorithms for decentralized round-robin and proportional fair scheduling

Distributed Time-Frequency Division Multiple Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

“…All nodes broadcast one short beacon message within periodic intervals of s. The mechanism described here follows the DESYNC protocol [4]. A PCO-based variation with limited listening time per period was proposed recently [3]; it can be used in our work with minor adjustments.…”

“…where is the desired TDMA period (in s) and * 0,1 is a parameter that scales how far moves from its current beacon time (at ) toward the desired midpoint [3][4]. Previous work [3] [4] showed that the reactive listening primitive of (1) leads to near-optimal TDMA behavior in SS, MAC, allow for half-duplex communications over a selection of channels at 2.4GHz with minimal cross-channel interference.…”

“…Previous work [3] [4] showed that the reactive listening primitive of (1) leads to near-optimal TDMA behavior in SS, MAC, allow for half-duplex communications over a selection of channels at 2.4GHz with minimal cross-channel interference. This hints that, should TDMA desynchronization be extended to E channels (E F 1), increased throughput per node will be observed since < E ⁄ G 0.49 6 = nodes will operate in each channel.…”

“…Both the periodic beacon message broadcasts and the reactive listening principle are of critical importance for (3) and for the proposed TFDMA operation as they ensure switching nodes can detect the number of nodes in the new channel (and whether the new channel is in fact in switch mode). We provide a TinyOS nesC implementation of the proposed distributed TFDMA online [12].…”

“…A critical aspect of this problem is distributed synchronization, which enables wireless sensor nodes to easily and efficiently build a time division multiple access (TDMA) mechanism that minimizes collisions. Recently, schemes based on pulse-coupled oscillators (PCOs) [3][4] gained attention for the dual (equivalent) problem, i.e. desynchronization.…”