Bio-inspired dual-functional phospholipid–poly(acrylic acid) brushes grafted porous poly(vinyl alcohol) beads for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein

Abstract

Elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are recognized as a crucial indicator of hyperlipidemia (HLP) and lowering of LDL levels represents an effective clinical treatment strategy. Inspired by the conjugation...

Biomembrane‐mimetic hemoperfusion adsorbent for efficient removal of low‐density lipoprotein from hyperlipemia blood

“…The 1/ n values of LDL and TCH in study was much lower than that of HDL, indicating much stronger binding affinity between PVA@COOH‐PE and LDL, TCH compared to that of HDL. In addition, the 1/ n values for LDL and TCH of PVA@COOH‐PE were almost half as many as that of the adsorbent prepared in our previous work, 26 while the value for HDL of two adsorbents were almost the same, indicating an enhanced binding affinity of PVA@COOH‐PE.…”

“…The synthesis route for phospholipid‐bearing macro‐porous cross‐linked PVA spheres (PVA@COOH‐PE) was shown in Figure 1. The pristine PVA spheres with elaborated macro‐pores were fabricated through suspension polymerization according to our previous study 26 . The cross‐linked PVA spheres were then reacted with glutaric anhydride to introduce carboxyl groups (PVA@COOH), the procedure is as follow: 1 g of PVA spheres were swollen in dry dimethylformamide (20 ml) overnight, then glutaric anhydride (3.67 g) and DMAP (0.017 g) were added, and the mixture were reacted under 70°C for 12 h under nitrogen protection while mechanical stirring.…”

“…The adsorption experiments were carried out under 37°C with oscillation (160 rpm). The adsorption ratio (adsorbent/serum, v/v) of adsorbent to serum is 1:3 according to our previous study 26 . After 3 h, the serum was separated with adsorbent and collected to test.…”

“…The adsorption of LDL has been found to be favored on hydrophobic surfaces or adsorbent bearing desired amount of hydrophobic ligands 21–25 . Based on the hydrophobicity of LDL particles, phospholipid fatty acid chains are considered as ideal ligands for preparation of LDL adsorbent 26 . Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) is the main constituents found in all biological membranes.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Based on the hydrophobicity of LDL particles, phospholipid fatty acid chains are considered as ideal ligands for preparation of LDL adsorbent. 26 Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) is the main constituents found in all biological membranes. In comparison to other membrane phospholipids, such as phosphorylcholine (PC) or sphingomyelin (SM), PE contains an ethanolamine group on its phosphoric lipid head, so that it can be covalently immobilized to supporting matrix via the amine group, leading the hydrophilic head-group facing the supporting matrix while the hydrophobic fatty acid chains extending into the environment.…”