Bio-oil valorization: A review

Jacobson, Kathlene; Maheria, Kalpana C.; Dalai, Ajay K.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.036

Cited by 260 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Biofuels produced from renewable energy sources are limited by the energy density and oxygen content. If the oxygen content can be reduced by using torrefaction of biomass [25,31] and catalytic cracking and hydrotreating [32,33] of bio-oils, the energy density of the biomass and bio-oils can be improved and in turn will also reduce the RQ factor of the fuels. But such a process also reduces the yield of bio-oil.…”

Section: Rq Factor From Known Fuel Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Annamalai

Thanapal

Ranjan

2018

Journal of Combustion

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the greenhouse gases which cause global warming. The amount of fossil fuels consumed to meet the demands in the areas of power and transportation is projected to increase in the upcoming years. Depending on carbon content, each power plant fuel has its own potential to produce carbon dioxide. Similarly, the humans consume food containing carbohydrates (CH), fat, and protein which emit CO 2 due to metabolism. The biology literature uses respiratory quotient (RQ), defined as the ratio of CO 2 moles exhausted per mole of O 2 consumed within the body, to estimate CO 2 loading in the blood stream and CO 2 in nasal exhaust. Here, we apply that principle in the field of combustion to relate the RQ to CO 2 emitted in tons per GJ of energy released when a fuel is combusted. The RQ value of a fuel can be determined either from fuel chemical formulae (from ultimate analyses for most liquid and solid fuels of known composition) or from exhaust gas analyses. RQ ranges from 0.5 for methane (CH 4 ) to 1 for pure carbon. Based on the results obtained, the lesser the value of "RQ" of a fuel, the lower its global warming potential. This methodology can be further extended for an "online instantaneous measurement of CO 2 " in automobiles based on actual fuel use irrespective of fuel composition.

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Section: Rq Factor From Known Fuel Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Annamalai

Thanapal

Ranjan

2018

Journal of Combustion

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“…These bio-oils are promising source for liquid bio-fuels [4,7,8]. However, some of the properties of these liquids (elevated viscosity, high O/C ratio, large H 2 O content and low pH) hider their direct use as liquid biofuels [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some of the properties of these liquids (elevated viscosity, high O/C ratio, large H 2 O content and low pH) hider their direct use as liquid biofuels [9]. This scenario makes the upgrading of bio-oil an essential challenge in order to obtain liquid biofuels from biomass and several processes such as hydrotreating, hydrocracking and the use of supercritical water [4,7,8,10] have been developed and tested to achieve this goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water using Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres

Remón

Arauzo

García

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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This work addresses the preparation, characterisation and screening of different Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres (CNFs) for use in the upgrading of bio-oil in supercritical water. The aim is to improve the physicochemical properties of bio-oil so that it can be used as a fuel. The CNFs were firstly oxidised in HNO 3 and afterwards subjected to a thermal treatment to selectively modify their surface chemistry prior to the incorporation of the metal active phase (Ni-Co). The CNFs and the supported catalysts were thoroughly characterised by several techniques, which allowed a relationship to be established between the catalyst properties and the upgrading results.The use of Ni-Co/CNFs for bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water (SCW) significantly improved the properties of the original feedstock. In addition, the thermal treatment to which the fibres were subjected exerted a significant influence on their catalyticproperties. An increase in the severity of the thermal treatment led to a substantial reduction in the oxygen content of the CNFs, mainly due to the removal of the less 2 stable oxygen surface groups, which allowed their surface polarity to decrease. This decrease resulted in less formation of solid products. However, it also reduced the H/C and increased the O/C ratios of the upgraded liquid. Therefore, a compromise between the yield and the properties of the upgraded bio-oil was achieved with a Ni-Co supported on a CNF with a moderate amount of oxygen surface groups.

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“…Among the various possibilities of renewable fuels produced from biomass is the bio-oil, a mixture of organic compounds (alkanes, aromatic, phenol derivatives, ketones, esters, ethers, sugars, amines and alcohols) and smaller chain fatty acids generated from the pyrolysis of vegetable oil or animal fat, among other biomasses [3][4][5]. The pyrolysis is a complex process because the yields and compositions of end products of pyrolysis are dependent on biomass, temperature, The presence of four reflections, which are characteristic to plane diffraction, were identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Pyrolysis of Sunflower Oil in the Presence of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Production of Bio-Oil

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The present work describes the study of micro (H-ZSM-5) and mesoporous structures, aiming at their application in the production of renewable fuels through the thermos-catalytic pyrolysis process both were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and surface acidity. The catalytic effect of the materials mentioned, as well as their mechanical mixtures in the proportions of H-ZSM-5 (75% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (25% wt); H-ZSM-5 (50% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (50% wt); H-ZSM-5 (25% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (75% wt) were used in the thermal and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of sunflower oil. The products obtained in the presence of H-ZSM-5 (25% wt) and AL-MCM-41(75% wt) showed selectivity for the conversion of hydrocarbons between C11 and C16, which is near that of the petroleum-derived kerosene and diesel (>C16). On the other hand, the H-ZSM-5 (75% wt) and AL-MCM-41 (25% wt) material, in which the majoritarian catalyst is the microporous, with active sites and a higher surface acidity, indicates selectivity for light hydrocarbons (C5-C10), in the range of gasoline obtained by the conversion of mineral oil. The presence of catalysts (AL-MCM-41and H-ZSM-5) favors the deoxygenation of the pyrolysis products of sunflower oil by decarbonylation reaction.

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Bio-oil valorization: A review

Cited by 260 publications

References 78 publications

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Ranking Renewable and Fossil Fuels on Global Warming Potential Using Respiratory Quotient Concept

Bio-oil upgrading in supercritical water using Ni-Co catalysts supported on carbon nanofibres

Fast Pyrolysis of Sunflower Oil in the Presence of Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Production of Bio-Oil

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