Bio‐Orthogonal Bacterial Reactor for Remission of Heavy Metal Poisoning and ROS Elimination

Abstract

is generally treated with medication (2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA or edetate calcium disodium, EDTA) [11] and hemodialysis [12] to eliminate internal lead ion in clinical, though these treatments are accompanied with inevitable nonselection, strong side effects, and high expenses. Worse still, there is no efficient precaution for chronic lead poisoning in lead exposure districts. [11][12][13] Consequently, it is quite necessary to develop a practical and economic therapy method for lead poisoning.Noteworthy, as the oldest living creature worldwide, bacteria present remarkable resistance to heavy metals in nature. [14][15][16] Profiting from diversified ingenious measures including adsorption, [17] ion exchange, [18] surface complexation, [16] and precipitation, [19,20] bacteria could survive in harsh environment with excess heavy metals, and further bioadsorb metal ions to reduce concentration level. Based on these, bacteria are regarded as highefficiency bioreactors to sequester metal ions from ppm to ppb levels mainly by bioadsorption. [17] Many nonpathogenic bacteria or probiotics have been widely modified by nanotechnology [21] or edited by synthetic biology [22][23][24][25] for disease treatment. Therein, modification of macromolecules inside biological contexts site-specifically and target-selectively through bioorthogonal reaction was successful without disturbing active life activities in biological systems. [26,27] Bio-orthogonal reaction was used to conjugate bacteria and inorganic nanoparticles through metabolic glycoengineering originated with unnatural sugars to construct a bioreactor for surface modification of bacteria. In comparison to conventional treatments, bacteria can accumulate to targeted organs with higher specificity, [28] lower systemic toxicity, and greater efficiency, [29] which means bacteria-based bioreactors could be an intelligent antidote in lead-enriched organs for lead poisoning. [30] Additionally, lead poisoning not merely causes direct damages, but also breaks the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of antioxidants. [3,13] The imbalance results in excessive oxidative stress accompanied by persistent lipid membrane damage. [31] Detoxification of reactive intermediates to reduce oxidative stress, further repair the resulting damage is as well as important.Here, we reported an integral biotic/abiotic hybrid bioreactor to integrate lead detoxification and ROS elimination, and to further achieve remission of lead injury. Briefly, a Multitudinous industrial products in daily life put human health at risk of heavy metal exposure, and natural bacteria have displayed superior performance in bioadsorption and biodegradation of heavy metal. In this study, a bacteria-based bioreactor is developed to precisely bioadsorb lead (Pb) ions, eliminate concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS), and remit the injury of acute/chronic Pb poisoning. A nonpathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli MG1655 (Bac) is decorated with antioxidative cerium oxide...

Engineering bacterial surface interactions using DNA as a programmable material

“…One example to use metabolic engineering is the fluorescence labeling of bacteria to study the growth and division processes. 18,24,80,81 unnatural amino acid and unnatural sugar molecules, 82,83 at their different growth stages, it is possible to directly record the dynamic growth process of the cell wall in situ. The observed fluorescence color patterns indicate the structures and growth process of surface peptidoglycans over time (Fig.…”

Nanomotor-based adsorbent for blood Lead(II) removal in vitro and in pig models

“…As shown in Table S2 , several researchers have designed blood adsorbents with good biocompatibility in the blood. However, these removers mainly remove heavy metals in the plasma [ [30] , [31] , [32] ]. In view of these difficulties of blood heavy metal removal, we also proposed a strategy to remove blood Pb(II) located inside the RBCs [ 33 ].…”

Inhibition of Tumor Progression through the Coupling of Bacterial Respiration with Tumor Metabolism

“…[1] By virtue of the unique feature of specific bacterium, some unexpected achievements have been realized in many fields such as chemicals production, [2] microbial fuel cells (MFCs), [3] polymers synthesis, [4] biosensing, [5] and disease treatment. [6] Especially for tumor therapy,u tilizing the tumor targeting ability (including hypoxia tropism, chemotaxis,and immune escape) or innate anticancer ability (including anticancer metabolites and immune activation) of bacteria, many bacteria based tumor therapeutic platforms have been developed. [6a, 7] In fact, most of studies excessively pursued to optimize the reinforce therapeutic effect of bacteria yet ignored the interaction of living bacteria with tumors.T he metabolic dysregulation is typical hallmark of tumors.F or example,a bnormal lactate metabolism, amino metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism usually contribute to the abnormal tumorigenesis,t umor growth and metastasis.…”