Bioactive Cembranoids, Sarcocrassocolides P–R, from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule

Abstract

New cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides P–R (1–3) and four known compounds (4–7) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3–5 and 7 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and all compounds 1–7 displayed potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein. Compound 7 also showed significant activity in reducing the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in the same macrophage cells.

Chemical Diversity in Species Belonging to Soft Coral Genus Sacrophyton and Its Impact on Biological Activity: A Review

“…Potent cytotoxic toward only HL-6 (IC 50 = 18.6 µM). Decreased iNOS protein levels and COX-2 expression with 2.4% ± 0.4% and 58.3% ± 20.5, respectively [61].…”

“…Potent cytotoxic against DLD-1 and HL-6 (IC 50 = 21.8 and 24.9 µM, respectively. Strongly reduced iNOS protein levels with 1.3% ± 0.3% [61].…”

“…Through structural analysis, sarcocrassocolide N 151 was found to have the same relative configuration of sarcocrassocolide M 150, while sarcocrassocolide O 152 was found to be the 13-deacetoxy derivative of sarcocrassocolide M 150 [60]. Three more cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides P-R 153-155, were identified, and their structures were investigated by an extensive spectral study [61].…”

Marine Pharmacology in 2014–2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

“…[201]; a oxygenated steroid derivative (186), isolated from the Vietnamese starfish Protoreaster nodosus [202]; a new spirobisnaphthalene rhytidenone C (187), isolated from an extract of a cultured fungal endophyte Rhytidhysteron sp. AS21B isolated from a Thailandese mangrove area [203]; a known terpenoid sarcocrassocolide E (188), isolated from a Taiwanese soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule [204]; a new cembrane diterpenoid sinulacembranolide A (189), isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia gaweli [205]; a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene thomimarine B (190), isolated from the fungus Penicillium thomii KMM 4667 isolated from the Japanese sea grass Zostera marina [206]; and a novel diterpenoid tortuosene A (191), isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum [207].…”

“…As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2, in 2014-2015, the preclinical marine nervous system pharmacology of compounds (196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204)(205)(206)(207)(208)(209)(210)(211) described several mechanism of action: at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and potassium channels, with conopeptides, and in models of antinociception and neuroprotection.…”