Bioactive Components from Qingwen Baidu Decoction against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Abstract

Qingwen Baidu Decoction (QBD) is an extraordinarily “cold” formula. It was traditionally used to cure epidemic hemorrhagic fever, intestinal typhoid fever, influenza, sepsis and so on. The purpose of this study was to discover relationships between the change of the constituents in different extracts of QBD and the pharmacological effect in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The study aimed to discover the changes in constituents of different QBD extracts and the pharmacological effects on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS. The results demonstrated that high dose and middle dose of QBD had significantly potent anti-inflammatory effects and reduced pulmonary edema caused by ALI in rats (p < 0.05). To explore the underlying constituents of QBD, we assessed its influence of six different QBD extracts on ALI and analyzed the different constituents in the corresponding HPLC chromatograms by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. The results showed that the pharmacological effect of QBD was related to the polarity of its extracts, and the medium polarity extracts E2 and E5 in particular displayed much better protective effects against ALI than other groups. Moreover, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and PCA analysis showed that verbascoside and angoroside C played a key role in reducing pulmonary edema. In addition, the current study revealed that ethyl gallate, pentagalloylglucose, galloyl paeoniflorin, mudanpioside C and harpagoside can treat ALI mainly by reducing the total cells and infiltration of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs).

Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, and Tissue Distribution Study of Angoroside C and Its Metabolite Ferulic Acid in Rat Using UPLC-MS/MS

“…Angoroside C (Figure 1 ) is a representative phenylpropanoid glycoside (PhG) compound isolated from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl ( Li et al, 2000 ; Wagner et al, 2011 ). Which possesses the ability to reduce blood pressure ( Liu et al, 2015 ), and has anti-inflammatory ( Díaz et al, 2004 ), anti-platelet aggregation ( Cano et al, 1990 ), hepatoprotection ( Huang et al, 2004 ; Morikawa et al, 2010 ), and hypoglycemic properties ( Tian et al, 2017 ), as well as being able to reduce pulmonary oedema ( Zhang et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, according to the continuous series of in-depth studies by Gu Weiliang on Radix Scrophulariae ( Gu et al, 2010 ; Huang et al, 2012 ), the results showed that angoroside C has beneficial effects against ventricular remodeling, and the mechanism is likely to be related to decreasing the level of Ang II, attenuating the mRNA expressions of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) ( Gu et al, 2015 ), which is effective in postponing heart failure for patients with cardiovascular illness.…”

Expression and Role of the Calcium‐Sensing Receptor in Rat Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

“…In acute lung injury, the continued and uncontrolled inflammatory response results in PMN infiltration into the alveolar and pulmonary edema, thereby damaging the respiratory function. And reducing the quantity and infiltration of activated PMNs was beneficial to acute lung injury [ 5 ]. Evidence about PMNs' role in diseases has been mentioned in some research.…”

Protective effects of ethyl gallate and pentagalloylglucose, the active components of Qingwen Baidu Decoction, against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats

“…To explore the underlying constituents of QBD, we analyzed the constituents and related pharmacology by PCA method. The results showed that EG, PGG, galloyl paeoniflorin, mudanpioside C, and harpagoside can effectively protect against ALI 11. On the basis of the previous studies, we further verify the effects of EG and PGG on ALI in rats.…”

“…The HPLC chromatogram elution profile was as follows: 2% A (0–10 minutes); 2%–7% A (10–20 minutes); 7%–9% A (20–40 minutes); 9 and 10% A (40–50 minutes); 10%–16% A (50–60 minutes); 16 and 17% A (60–65 minutes); 17%–20% A (65–80 minutes); and 20%–24% A (80–112 minutes). The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min, and the UV spectra were 254 nm 11…”

“…Our previous studies showed that both high dose and medium dose of QBD extract had significantly ameliorated LPS-induced ALI in rats by anti-inflammatory effects and reducing pulmonary edema ( P <0.05). Moreover, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ethyl gallate (EG), pentagalloylglucose (PGG), galloylpaeoniflorin, mudanpioside C, and harpagoside of QBD were effective in the treatment of ALI 11. Hence, we isolated and identified the polyphenols from QBD to verify that the potential compounds were effective for the treatment of ALI.…”