Bioactive Compounds and Antifungal Activity of Leaves and Fruits Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus spina-christi L.

Abstract

Zizyphus spina-christi L. has antimicrobial properties because of the presence of biologically active compounds. Alternaria is an opportunistic pathogen that causes leaf spots, rots, and blights on a variety of plant parts. This study aimed to reduce the usage of synthetically derived fungicides. Identification of the bioactive components present in leaves and fruits methanolic extracts of Z. spina-christi was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficacy of the two methanol extracts was tested against (a) in vitro fungal growth and (b) pathogenicity control on non-wounded and wounded tomato fruits. The results revealed that gallic acid and ellagic acid were the major components in leaves extract while quercetin was the major component in fruits extract. In addition, Phenol, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (40.24%) and Decane, 2-methyl-(18.53%) were the most abundant components in the leaf extract, and the presence of D-mannonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-o-(trimethylsilyl), and γ-lactone (22.72%) were major components in fruits extract. The methanolic extracts of Z. spina-christi leaves and fruits demonstrated significant antifungal activity against the growth of Alternaria alternata, A. citri, and A. radicina with variable inhibition percentages at different concentrations. Pathogenicity was increased when the skin was injured, as expected. Both extracts reduced the percentage of infected fruits.

Biochemical profile, antioxidant effect and antifungal activity of Saudi Ziziphus spina-christi L. for vaginal lotion formulation

“…Also, a theoretical predictive study showed that Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethylester has interesting biological activities such as All-trans -retinyl-palmitate hydrolase inhibitor, Lipid metabolism regulator, Eye irritation, inactive, Antieczematic, CYP2J substrate, Acylcarnitine hydrolase inhibitor, CYP2J2 substrate, Linoleate diol synthase inhibitor, Lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, GST A substrate, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor agonist, Alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase inhibitor, Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase inhibitor (28). Furthermore, some other identified phytochemicals have been reported to have interesting biological properties as antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, antiviral, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antifertility and more as shown in Table 4 The study of the bioactive components of leaves methanolic extract of Z. spina-christi from the campus of South Valley University, Qena, Egypt showed the presence of 13 components, while Phenol, 2,5-bis (1,1dimethylethyl) (40.24%) and Decane, 2-methyl-(18.53%) were the most abundant components (29). Comparing to our results, the difference of chemical composition may be due to geographic conditions (humidity, temperature, altitude), the origin and the period of leaves harvest and the soil-growth conditions (30).…”

Antimicrobial Potential of Pithecellobium dulce Seed Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation

“…Pithecellobium dulce seed contains high concentration of different sugars including D-turanose (3-O- α -D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose). The majority of these sugars are well reported as plant metabolites, including Pithecellobium dulce, which have been linked to various activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, and/or antibacterial activities [ 27 ]. Nevertheless, D-turanose revealed to be the most abundant component making more than half of the extract providing higher probability of being responsible for the tested activity.…”

“…For instance, antimicrobial activity of various tested honeys is more often linked with the high concentration of sugar [ 29 ]. In addition, D-turanose sugar has been revealed in certain type of honeys and Ziziphus spina-christi leaves that showed antibacterial activity [ 27 ]. Hence, it is highly expected that D-turanose sugar is the main responsible compound for the current antibacterial activity form the extract of P. dulce seed.…”

The efficiency of Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, and Cupressus sempervirens essential oils in suppression of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus on Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings

“…Percentage growth values were determined according to the formula used in similar research (El-Shahir et al, 2022): whereby: D c -mycelial diameter in the control petri dish, D t -mycelial diameter in the petri dish treated with EOs.…”