Bioactive compounds from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds: optimization of phenolic antioxidant extraction using simplex lattice mixture design and HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS² analysis

Abstract

The extraction of phenolic compounds from hemp seeds was optimized using a mixture design. 50% aqueous acetone was the optimal solvent to extract 33 phenolic compounds with a richness in hydroxycinnamic acid amides and lignanamides.

Phenolic profiles of non‐industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed varieties collected from four different Moroccan regions

“…The crushed seeds were first defatted by Soxhlet using petroleum ether for 5 h to eliminate fat, which could interfere with the phenolic compounds. The obtained defatted seeds were used to prepare extracts using 50% aqueous acetone with a solid:liquid ratio of 1:10 (Benkirane et al ., 2022). The extraction was carried out by vortexing the mixture for 5 min and sonicating it for 45 min in an ultrasound bath (Transonic T460, Germany) in a darkened cold room.…”

“…The injected volume was 10 µL of each extract with a flow rate of 0.6 mL min -1 . The elution was carried out on an Eclipse column XDB-C18 (150 × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 3.5 μm particle size; Agilent Technologies, USA) as described by Benkirane et al (2022). Phenolic compound separation was monitored at 254, 280, 300, and 340 nm wavelengths, while the UV-visible spectra of each compound were plotted between 190-600 nm.…”

Protein Mass Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Power of Hemp Seeds in Relation to Plant Cultivar and Environment

“…Under reducing conditions, bands related to vicilin C72-like protein (48 kDa) and albumin 2S (<10 kDa) were detected in water-soluble extracts, while salt-soluble extracts were mainly represented by bands related to vicilin C72-like and edestin (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). A decrease in high-molecular-weight bands with a concomitant increase in low-molecular-weight bands was observed in harvested seeds from the experimental field; however, it was not possible to discriminate signals below 10 kDa by the use of this technique.…”

“…The principal phenolic compounds isolated from hemp seeds belong to the phenylpropionamide class, including phenylanamides and lignanamides. However, a study on phenolic antioxidant extraction reports that pure water extracts from defatted hemp seeds contain mainly phenolic acids such as p -coumaric and ferulic acid, while lignanamides and N-trans-caffeoyltyramine were not detected due to their scarce solubility in this solvent [ 30 ]. The absence of phenylpropionamides in water extracts confirms the poor capacity of water in extracting phenols, but is in contrast with the high total phenolic content estimated in water extracts with the Folin–Ciocalteu assay.…”

“…The absence of phenylpropionamides in water extracts confirms the poor capacity of water in extracting phenols, but is in contrast with the high total phenolic content estimated in water extracts with the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The authors suggest that these results could be ascribed to the reducing behavior of other compounds such as sugars, organic acids and aromatic amines, which could be effectively extracted in water [ 30 ].…”