Bioactive Compounds from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus and Their Uses for Microorganism Control

Abstract

Mangroves are ecosystems with unique characteristics due to the high salinity and amount of organic matter that house a rich biodiversity. Fungi have aroused much interest as they are an important natural source for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, with potential biotechnological and pharmacological interest. This review aims to highlight endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plant species and the isolated bioactive compounds and their bioactivity against protozoa, bacteria and pathogenic viruses. Knowledge about this type of ecosystem is of great relevance for its preservation and as a source of new molecules for the control of pathogens that may be of importance for human, animal and environmental health.

Pharmacological Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Genome Sequences of Bacterial Endophytes from the Mangrove Plant Rhizophora apiculata Blume

“…Mangrove plants harbour diverse endophytic bacteria and fungi. Reviews on mangrove plant-associated microbial secondary metabolites revealed that the secondary metabolites possess promising pharmacological properties [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Unsurprisingly, mangrove endophytic microbes have been attracting the considerable attention of pharmacological investigators because of their bioactive secondary metabolites, especially when their host plants are also used as native traditional/folk medicines [ 69 ].…”

“…In addition, the variable environmental conditions in mangrove ecosystems may serve as excellent selectors for structurally distinct secondary metabolites with intriguing pharmacological effects. Along with their host plants, endophytic bacteria have also been reported to be a rich source of secondary metabolites with promising pharmacological properties [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Of these, many compounds exhibit potent biological activities and may be considered as lead compounds for further drug developments.…”

Extremophilic Fungi from Marine Environments: Underexplored Sources of Antitumor, Anti-Infective and Other Biologically Active Agents

“…Two recent reviews on anti-infectives from mangrove endophytic fungi were published by Deshmukh et al in 2020 [33] and Cadamuro et al in 2021 [34]. Many of these fungi have been reported from China, primarily due to their research groups now studying mangrove endophytes instead of their medicinal plant hosts [35].…”

Duclauxin Derivatives From Fungi and Their Biological Activities

“…Approximately 220 million people are infected by malaria, resulting in 435,000 deaths worldwide per annum. The emergence of drug-resistant malaria strains to classical synthetic drugs requires a continuous search for new compounds from alternative niches to introduce new and efficient therapies ( Cadamuro et al, 2021 ). Bacillisporin G ( 31 ) and macrosporusone B ( 33 ) produced by the fungus T. macrosporus displayed weak antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC 50 values were 8.07 and 10.28 μM, respectively) in comparison with positive control dihydroartemisinin (IC 50 value was 0.003 μM) ( Chaiyosang et al, 2019 ).…”