Bioactive compounds from roasted and green coffee obtained by supercritical fluid extraction decrease survival and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most frequent and lethal neoplastic disease among men worldwide. There is growing interest in the biologically active compounds in coffee for their potential chemopreventive. The present study aimed to analyze the content of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of green arabica coffee and different roasts extracted by supercritical fluid. The concentration of caffeine, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were evaluated. Additionally, the colorimetric profile, antioxidant capacity, effect on cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis of the extracts. Caffeine, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid content were higher in green coffee extract than in roasted coffee (80.0mg/100g, 16.76 and 19.37mg/mL, respectively). The green coffee extract showed higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic content compared to the other coffee extracts by all methods tested; and among the roasted coffee extracts, light roast coffee stands out with the highest antioxidant capacity. After 48 hours of treatment, coffee extracts caused a reduction in the viability of PC-3 cells, with light roast coffee being more effective. Green and light roast coffee extracts induced a cell cycle arrest in the S phase and increased apoptosis. The present results strongly suggest that coffee extracts have an antiproliferative effect on prostate adenocarcinoma cells.