Bioactive Compounds in Sea Buckthorn and their Efficacy in Preventing and Treating Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. or Elaeagnus rhamnoides L.) is a plant that has long been used as a Chinese herbal medicine. This species is known to contain numerous bioactive components, including polyphenols, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytosterols, which may be responsible for its medicinal value. In experiments both in vitro and in vivo (ranging from cell lines to animal models and human patients), sea buckthorn has shown positive effects on symptoms of metabolic syndrome; evidence suggests that sea buckthorn treatment can decrease blood lipid content, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, and regulate key metabolites. This article reviews the main bioactive compounds present in sea buckthorn and discusses their efficacy in treating metabolic syndrome. Specifically, we highlight bioactive compounds isolated from distinct sea buckthorn tissues; their effects on abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia; and their potential mechanisms of action in clinical applications. This review provides key insight into the benefits of sea buckthorn, promoting future research of this species and expansion of sea buckthorn-based therapies for metabolic syndrome.

Effects of Pulsed Electric Field and High-Pressure Processing Treatments on the Juice Yield and Quality of Sea Buckthorn

“…In a cloudy hawthorn juice system, a similar trend was also observed [37]. Processing reduced D [4,3], with PEF and HPP causing cell lysis, TP dissolving pectin, and partial cell wall detachment contributing to the reduction in particle size in the juice [49]. trend was also observed [37].…”

“…Some particles in CK exceeded 1000 µm, and both TP and PEF-HPP treatments could reduce the particle size of sea buckthorn juice (Figure 4a,b). Higher D [3,2] values were associated with an increased likelihood of aggregate formation between particles, whereas elevated D [4,3] values suggested the presence of heavier particles in the juice system, making them more prone to precipitation [27]. In a cloudy hawthorn juice system, a similar trend was also observed [37].…”

“…The sample's refractive index was 1.471, its density was 1.03 g/mL, and the refractive index of the dispersant (water) was 1.33. The distribution of the mean diameter of the particle sizes D [3,2] and D [4,3] was analyzed.…”

“…Sea buckthorn contains the most polyphenols, especially phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the amount of vitamins and flavonoids is several times that of oranges, hawthorns, and blueberries. Sea buckthorn has been used in medical treatment due to its high fatty acid content, which improves cardiovascular health and raises cholesterol [ 4 ]. Sea buckthorn juice can retain its original nutritional value, and it is convenient to drink.…”

Sea buckthorn plant as a functional food ingredient, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

“…The fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals are also present in H. rhamnoides L. preparations (Sławińska et al, 2023b;Wang et al, 2022;Żuchowski, 2023). Moreover, it is a valuable plant with many biological and pharmacological properties described over the last 2 years by many authors: antioxidant (Nowak et al, 2022;, antimicrobial (Nowak et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022), treating metabolic syndrome (Geng et al, 2022;Chen et al, 2023), anticancer (Visan et al, 2023), anti-osteoporosis (Park et al, 2022), antihyperlipidemic (Kopčeková et al, 2023), anti-inflammatory (Laskowska et al, 2022;Zhou et al, 2023), antifatigue effect (An et al, 2023), dermatological (Skowrońska and Bazylko, 2023), neuroprotective (Lan et al, 2023), hepatoprotective (Ma et al, 2023).…”