Bioactive Flavonoids: A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacokinetics and Analytical Aspects

Billowria, Koushal; Ali, Rouchan; Rangra, Naresh Kumar; Kumar, Ram; Chawla, Pooja

doi:10.1080/10408347.2022.2105641

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Flavonoids have therapeutic properties through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated in vitro. Some of the flavonoids can penetrate the blood–brain barrier from the systemic circulation to enter the brain directly, however, in general the bioavailability of intact flavonoids is limited due to poor absorption [ 29 , 344 , 345 , 346 , 347 , 348 , 349 ]. However, fortuitous generation of flavonoid metabolites by gut microbes that retain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity also needs to be considered in the overall therapeutic utility of these compounds [ 18 , 341 , 350 , 351 , 352 , 353 , 354 ].…”

Section: Catechin Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose

2023

Antioxidants

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Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine and have been widely used in traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such complimentary medical herbal formulations are extremely complex mixtures of many pharmacologically active compounds that provide a therapeutic outcome through a network pharmacological effects of considerable complexity. Methods are emerging to determine the active components used in complimentary medicine and their therapeutic targets and to decipher the complexities of how network pharmacology provides such therapeutic effects. The gut microbiome has important roles to play in the generation of bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the intact flavonoid and, in some cases, new antitumor and antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items have been identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting that neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed to preserve a healthy population of bacterial symbiont species and minimize the establishment of harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an important consideration effecting the overall health and wellbeing of linked organ systems. Bioconversion of dietary flavonoid components in the gut generates therapeutic metabolites that can also be transported by the vagus nerve and systemic circulation to brain cell populations to exert a beneficial effect. This is particularly important in a number of neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized by effects on moods, resulting in depression and anxiety, impaired motor function, and long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids have many beneficial properties in the alleviation of inflammation in tissues, however, concerns have been raised that therapeutic levels of flavonoids may not be achieved, thus allowing them to display optimal therapeutic effects. Dietary manipulation and vagal stimulation have both yielded beneficial responses in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders, depression, and anxiety, establishing the vagal nerve as a route of communication in the gut-brain axis with established roles in disease intervention. While a number of native flavonoids are beneficial in the treatment of neurological disorders and are known to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated flavonoid metabolites (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency of the native flavonoid in addition to bioactive properties that promote mitochondrial health and cerebrovascular microcapillary function, should also be considered as potential biotherapeutic agents. Studies are warranted to experimentally examine the efficacy of flavonoid metabolites directly, as they emerge as novel therapeutic options.

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Section: Catechin Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Melrose

2023

Antioxidants

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“…As mentioned, quercetin is in the form of glycosides in vegetables and fruits. The degree of absorption of quercetin is given by the glycosides’ nature and binding site at positions 3, 5, 7, or 4 [ 25 , 26 ]. For example, Ullah H. et al determined the absorption of various forms of quercetin in human volunteers using healthy subjects with ileostomy to avoid bacterial degradation in the colon.…”

Section: Quercetin Particularitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity

Carrillo-Martinez,

Flores-Hernández,

Salazar-Montes

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Quercetin is a flavonoid with a low molecular weight that belongs to the human diet’s phenolic phytochemicals and nonenergy constituents. Quercetin has a potent antioxidant capacity, being able to capture reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive chlorine species (ROC), which act as reducing agents by chelating transition-metal ions. Its structure has five functional hydroxyl groups, which work as electron donors and are responsible for capturing free radicals. In addition to its antioxidant capacity, different pharmacological properties of quercetin have been described, such as carcinostatic properties; antiviral, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties; the ability to protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and the ability to inhibit angiogenesis; these are developed in this review.

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“…As mentioned, Quercetin is in the form of glycosides in vegetables and fruits. The degree of absorption of Quercetin is given by the glycosides' nature and binding site at positions 3, 5, 7, or 40 [25,26]. For example, Ullah H. et al determined the absorption of various forms of Quercetin in human volunteers using healthy subjects with ileostomy to avoid bacterial degradation in the colon.…”

Section: Human Absorption and Metabolism Of Quercetinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Parameterization of a Computational Model Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for Mango Selection

Salazar-Campos,

Ruiz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In recent times, using image-based deep learning techniques has been very useful for classifying fruits. However, mango is a particular challenge because its shelf life is directly related to the degree of maturity at the time of harvest, which is determined mainly through the visual assessment of the operators when sorting them, doing it incorrectly, coupled with the blows and compressions exposed during storage and transport, trigger the deterioration in their quality, hence the importance of this operation. In this sense, the purpose of this study focuses on designing a computational model based on Deep Learning that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) parameterized to select mangoes according to their color tone based on their maturity stage. A dataset was established from 201 labeled images, then a CNN architecture was built, obtaining a model on which 3 criteria were evaluated: the number of convolution and grouping layers, the resolution of the input images and the number of training epochs required. As a result, an input image resolution of 32 x 32 pixels was achieved, the process included a convolution layer followed by pooling that fed another layer that processed the results and ended in an output layer with 2 neurons under the One Hot Encoding representation. The model required 20 epochs to perfect its training, achieving 96.04 % accuracy in mango image selection. This study supports the potential of CNNs in quality analysis through mango color selection, even in uncertainty scenarios.

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Bioactive Flavonoids: A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacokinetics and Analytical Aspects

Cited by 19 publications

References 132 publications

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity

Design and Parameterization of a Computational Model Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for Mango Selection

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