Bioactive lipids in schizophrenia

Berger, Gregor; Smesny, Stefan; Amminger, G. Paul

doi:10.1080/09540260600583072

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Decreased omega-3 fatty acid levels have been found in blood and postmortem brain cell membranes in several neuropsychiatric conditions (Schachter et al, 2005), in particular schizophrenia (Berger et al, 2006;Fenton et al, 2000;McNamara et al, 2007), bipolar affective disorders (Chiu et al, 2003;Hitzemann et al, 1984;Mahadik et al, 1996;Ranjekar et al, 2003), major depression (FrasureSmith et al, 2004;McNamara et al, 2006;Mischoulon and Fava, 2000;Peet et al, 1998), and attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (Burgess et al, 2000;Stevens et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Berger

Wood

Wellard

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

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Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has been used in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions with some benefits. However, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigate its effects on in vivo brain metabolism in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T was performed in the temporal lobes of 24 FEP patients before and after 12 weeks of treatment in the context of a larger double-blind, placebo-controlled E-EPA augmentation study. Treatment group effects for glutathione (F1,12 ¼ 6.1, p ¼ 0.03), and a hemisphere-by-group interaction for glutamine/glutamate (F1,20 ¼ 4.4, p ¼ 0.049) were found. Glutathione increased bilaterally and glutamate/glutamine increased in the left hemisphere following E-EPA administration. Improvement in negative symptoms correlated with metabolic brain changes, particularly glutathione (r ¼ À0.57). These results suggest that E-EPA augmentation alters glutathione availability and modulates the glutamine/glutamate cycle in early psychosis, with some of the metabolic brain changes being correlated with negative symptom improvement. Larger confirmatory studies of these postulated metabolic brain effects of E-EPA are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Berger

Wood

Wellard

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

107

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“…Also, these oxidative modifications are not disease specific but occur in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent theories on the neurological deficits of schizophrenia have focused on abnormalities in phospholipid metabolism, particularly increased activity of PLA 2 enzymes and reduced activity of the system which incorporates PUFAs into phospholipids (a simultaneous increase in phospholipid hydrolysis and decrease in synthesis) [57,58]. Neither abnormality alone produces schizophrenia but the presence of both does [57].…”

Section: Als and Lipid Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, since phospholipid metabolism has a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic growth and remodeling, it is plausible that defects in this system result in failure of normal neurodevelopment in schizophrenia. There is also evidence that schizophrenia is associated with alterations in lipid transport proteins and membrane phospholipid composition (increase in phosphatidylserine and decrease in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine) [58]. Genome studies have found that several genes involved in myelination have decreased expression levels in schizophrenia [59].…”

Section: Als and Lipid Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

2007

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SummaryLipid metabolism is of particular interest due to its high concentration in CNS. The importance of lipids in cell signaling and tissue physiology is demonstrated by many CNS disorders and injuries that involve deregulated metabolism. The long suffering lipid field is gaining reputation and respect as evidenced through the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Lipidomics and Pathobiology (COBRE), Lipid MAPS (Metabolites And Pathways Strategy) Consortium sponsored by NIH, European initiatives for decoding the lipids through genomic approaches, and Genomics of Lipidassociated Disorder (GOLD) project initiated by Austrian government. This review attempts to provide an overview of the lipid imbalances associated with neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's; Niemann-Pick; Multiple sclerosis, Huntington, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and epilepsy) and CNS injury (Stroke, traumatic brain injury; and spinal cord injury) and a few provocative thoughts. Lipidomic analyses along with RNA silencing will provide new insights into the role of lipid intermediates in cell signaling and hopefully open new avenues for prevention or treatment options. KeywordsAlzheimer's disease; Arachidonic acid; CDP-choline; CNS injury; Docosahexaenoic acid; Huntington disease; Lipid peroxidation; Neurodegenerative diseases; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Stroke Lipids and the Central Nervous System (CNS)Phospholipids are important components of all mammalian cells and have a variety of biological functions: 1) formation of lipid bilayers that provide structural integrity necessary for protein function 2) function as an energy reservoir (for example triglycerides) and 3) serve as precursors for various second messengers such as arachidonic acid (ArAc), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ceramide, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), phosphatidic acid, and lyso-phosphatidic acid. Lipids comprise a large number of chemically distinct molecules arising from combinations of fatty acids with various backbone structures. Overall, mammalian cells may contain ~1000-2000 lipid species [1]. Lipids are classified into eight categories (fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, prenol lipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides) [2]. Subtypes of these eight lipid classes are given in Table 1 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript metabolism may be of particular importance for the CNS, as this organ has a high concentration of lipids, second only to adipose tissue.Neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, stroke and CNS traumas are problems of vast clinical importance. Currently there exists no cure for these CNS injuries and disorders, resulting in a huge impact on quality of life and an economic burden on society (Table 2, based on the US population statistics). The crucial role of lipids in tissue physiology and cell signaling is demonstrated by the many neurological disorders, including bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, and neurodegenerative ...

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“…Brain's LCPUFAs are involved in the maturation of neuronal structures and are essential throughout the entire lifespan for maintaining normal brain activities (5,6). Consequently, it is unsurprising that a lack of n-3 LCPUFAs or an imbalance in the n-3 and n-6 ratio has been associated with a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in both children and adults (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Diet Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifelong imbalanced LA/ALA intake impairs emotional and cognitive behavior via changes in brain endocannabinoid system

Zamberletti

Piscitelli²,

Castro

et al. 2017

Journal of Lipid Research

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Imbalanced dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA content has been associated with a number of neurological conditions. Endocannabinoids are n-6 PUFA derivatives, whose brain concentrations are sensitive to modifications of fatty acid composition of the diet and play a central role in the regulation of mood and cognition. As such, the endocannabinoid system appears to be an ideal candidate for mediating the effects of dietary fatty acids on mood and cognition. Lifelong administration of isocaloric α-linolenic acid (ALA)-deficient and -enriched diets induced short-term memory deficits, whereas only dietary ALA enrichment altered emotional reactivity in adult male rats compared with animals fed a standard diet that was balanced in ALA/linoleic acid (LA) ratio. In the prefrontal cortex, both diets reduced 2-AG levels and increased MAG lipase expression, whereas only the enriched diet reduced AEA levels, simultaneously increasing FAAH expression. In the hippocampus, an ALA-enriched diet decreased AEA content and NAPE-PLD expression, and reduced 2-AG content while increasing MAG lipase expression. These findings highlight the importance of a diet balanced in fatty acid content for normal brain functions and to support a link between dietary ALA, the brain endocannabinoid system, and behavior, which indicates that dietary ALA intake is a sufficient condition for altering the endocannabinoid system in brain regions modulating mood and cognition

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Bioactive lipids in schizophrenia

Cited by 73 publications

References 136 publications

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid in First-Episode Psychosis. A 1H-MRS Study

Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

Lifelong imbalanced LA/ALA intake impairs emotional and cognitive behavior via changes in brain endocannabinoid system

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