Bioactive Lipodepsipeptides Produced by Bacteria and Fungi

Abstract

Natural products are a vital source for agriculture, medicine, cosmetics and other fields. Lipodepsipeptides (LPDs) are a wide group of natural products distributed among living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, virus, insects, plants and marine organisms. They are a group of compounds consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide, which are able to self-assemble into several different structures. They have shown different biological activities such as phytotoxic, antibiotic, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, immunosuppressive, herbicidal, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities. Their biological activities seem to be due to their interactions with the plasma membrane (MP) because they are able to mimic the architecture of the native membranes interacting with their hydrophobic segment. LPDs also have surfactant properties. The review has been focused on the lipodepsipeptides isolated from fungal and bacterial sources, on their biological activity, on the structure–activity relationships of some selected LPD subgroups and on their potential application in agriculture and medicine. The chemical and biological characterization of lipodepsipeptides isolated in the last three decades and findings that resulted from SCI-FINDER research are reported. A critical evaluation of the most recent reviews dealing with the same argument has also been described.

Absolute Stereochemistry Determination of Bioactive Marine-Derived Cyclopeptides by Liquid Chromatography Methods: An Update Review (2018–2022)

“…Among the 91 new marine-derived cyclopeptides, 43 showed promising results regarding anticancer activity and 11 ( 1 – 11 ) were isolated from marine-derived bacteria ( Figure 6 ). Marine-derived bacteria have been shown to be a rich source of natural products, including cyclopeptides [ 71 , 186 ]. Bacterial natural products constitute 29% of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved natural product-derived drugs, which mostly function as antitumor or antibacterial agents [ 187 ].…”

“…Lipodepsipeptides, which contain a lipid moiety linked to a peptide portion, are also well distributed among marine organisms and have shown different biological activities, such as phytotoxic, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, cytotoxic, hemolytic, among others. Their bioactivities seem to be related to the interactions between a hydrophobic segment with the plasma membrane because they mimic the architecture of the membranes [ 71 ].…”

Status of Phytotoxins Isolated from Necrotrophic Fungi Causing Diseases on Grain Legumes

“…with the goal of leading to host cell death are some of the common functions of HSTs [ 20 ]. These HST toxins are diverse, chemically ranging from low-molecular-weight compounds to cyclic peptides [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. High molecular weight compounds such as some polysaccharides have also been reported as phytotoxins, although their true role is an open question [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…Phytotoxins belong to different chemical families and are commonly classified as polyketides, macrolides, non-protein amino acids, naphthalenones, anthraquinones, furanones, pyranones, non-ribosomal peptides, alkaloids, terpenes, or metabolites of mixed biosynthetic origin [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This structural diversity is related to the complexity of the host–pathogen relationship.…”

“…Recent advances in organic and analytical chemistry techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS), together with the development of software and bioinformatic tools, have allowed for the isolation and structural elucidation of low abundant and novel phytotoxins [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”