Bioactive silicon nitride: A new therapeutic material for osteoarthropathy

Pezzotti, Giuseppe; Marin, Elia; Adachi, Tetsuya; Rondinella, Alfredo; Boschetto, Francesco; Zhu, Wenliang; Sugano, Nobuhiko; Bock, Ryan M.; McEntire, Bryan J.; Bal, Sonny B.

doi:10.1038/srep44848

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similarly, the interaction between PEEK/β‐Si 3 N 4 and SaOS‐2 cells, which includes the elution of orthosilicate molecules from the Si 3 N 4 ceramic particles, is provided in Figure c; while in Figure d is an enlarged view of the chemical interaction between the cell membrane and the biological environment in the vicinity of the Si 3 N 4 particles. This last figure also envisages the formation of endocytotic vesicles around orthosilicate clusters and silicon quantum dots (Si‐QDs) which were detected in SaOS‐2 cell grown bony tissue reported in a previous study …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Pezzotti

Marin

Adachi

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a popular polymeric biomaterial which is primarily used as an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion surgery; but it is developed for trauma, prosthodontics, maxillofacial, and cranial implants. It has the purported advantages of an elastic modulus which is similar to native bone and it can be easily formed into custom 3D shapes. Nevertheless, PEEK's disadvantages include its poor antibacterial resistance, lack of bioactivity, and radiographic transparency. This study presents a simple approach to correcting these three shortcomings while preserving the base polymer's biocompatibility, chemical stability, and elastic modulus. The proposed strategy consists of preparing a PEEK composite by dispersing a minor fraction (i.e., 15 vol%) of a silicon nitride (Si N ) powder within its matrix. In vitro tests of PEEK composites with three Si N variants-β-Si N , α-Si N , and β-SiYAlON-demonstrate significant improvements in the polymer's osteoconductive versus SaOS-2 cells and bacteriostatic properties versus gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. These properties are clearly a consequence of adding the bioceramic dispersoids, according to chemistry similar to that previously demonstrated for bulk Si N ceramics in terms of osteogenic behavior (vs both osteosarcoma and mesenchymal progenitor cells) and antibacterial properties (vs both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Pezzotti

Marin

Adachi

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Load-bearing Si3N4 prosthetic hip bearings and spinal fusion implants were initially developed because of the superior strength and toughness of Si3N4 [50]. Later studies showed other properties of Si3N4 that are favored in designing orthopaedic implants, such as enhanced osteoconductivity [51][52][53][54] and bacteriostasis [14,[55][56][57][58][59][60]. Taken together, these data suggest that Si3N4's surface chemistry, previously known to contribute concurrent upregulation of osteogenic activity and prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, is also quite effective against viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Pezzotti

Ohgitani

Shin‐Ya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionViral disease spread by contaminated commonly touched surfaces is a global concern. Silicon nitride, an industrial ceramic that is also used as an implant in spine surgery, has known antibacterial activity. The mechanism of antibacterial action relates to the hydrolytic release of surface disinfectants. It is hypothesized that silicon nitride can also inactivate the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.Methods SARS-CoV-2 virions were exposed to 15 wt.% aqueous suspensions of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and copper particles. The virus was titrated by the TCD50 method using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, while viral RNA was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Immunostaining and Raman spectroscopy were used as additional probes to investigate the cellular responses to virions exposed to the respective materials. ResultsAll three tested materials showed >99% viral inactivation at one and ten minutes of exposure. Degradation of viral RNA was also observed with all materials. Immunofluorescence testing showed that silicon nitride-treated virus failed to infect VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells without damaging them. In contrast, the copper-treated virus suspension severely damaged the cells due to copper ion toxicity. Raman spectroscopy indicated differential biochemical cellular changes due to infection and metal toxicity for two of the three materials tested. ConclusionsSilicon nitride successfully inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 in this study. The mechanism of action was the hydrolysis-mediated surface release of nitrogen-containing disinfectants. Both aluminum nitride and copper were also effective in the inactivation of the virus. However, while the former compound affected the cells, the latter compound had a cytopathic effect. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate whether silicon nitride can be incorporated into personal protective equipment and commonly touched surfaces, as a strategy to discourage viral persistence and disease spread.

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“…The PD output voltage was found to be stable throughout this period (not shown here). This work can be extended to perform biological assays as the nanophotonic sensors are made of silicon nitride which can be functionalized for a range of biosensing experiments [25], [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS Nanophotonic Sensor With Integrated Readout System

et al. 2018

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The measurement of nanophotonic sensors currently requires the use of external measuring equipment for their read-out such as an optical spectrum analyzer, spectrophotometer, or detectors. This requirement of external laboratory-based measuring equipment creates a "chip-in-a-lab" dilemma and hinders the use of nanophotonic sensors in practical applications. Making nanophotonic sensors usable in everyday life requires miniaturization of not only the sensor chip itself but also the equipment used for its measurement. In this paper, we have removed the need of external measuring equipment by monolithically integrating 1-D grating structures with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit having an array of photodiodes. By doing so, we get a direct electrical read-out of the refractive index changes induced when applying different analytes to grating structures. The gratings are made of CMOS compatible silicon nitride. Employing a nanophotonic sensor made of CMOS compatible material allows fabrication of the integrated sensor chip in a commercial CMOS foundry, enabling mass production for commercialization with low cost. Our results present a significant step toward transforming present laboratory-based nanophotonic sensors into practical portable devices to enable applications away from the analytical laboratory. We anticipate the work will have a major impact on technology for personalized medicine, environmental, and industrial sensing.

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Bioactive silicon nitride: A new therapeutic material for osteoarthropathy

Cited by 84 publications

References 51 publications

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

CMOS Nanophotonic Sensor With Integrated Readout System

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Bioactive silicon nitride: A new therapeutic material for osteoarthropathy

Cited by 84 publications

References 51 publications

Incorporating Si3N4 into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Incorporating Si3N4 into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

CMOS Nanophotonic Sensor With Integrated Readout System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants