Bioactivity-guided Separation of the Active Compounds in Acacia Pennata Responsible for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the health benefits of plants used in Thai food, specifically Acacia pennata Willd., in Alzheimer's prevention. A. pennata twigs strongly inhibited -amyloid aggregation. Bioactivity-guided separation of the active fractions yielded six known compounds, tetracosane (1), 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2), methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4), confertamide A (5) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-carboxylic acid (6). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Biological testing revealed that tetracosane (1) was the most potent inhibitor of -amyloid aggregation, followed by 1-(heptyloxy)-octadecane (2) with IC 50 values of 0.4 and 12.3 M. Methyl tridecanoate (3), arborinone (4) and 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2carboxylic acid (6) moderately inhibited -amyloid aggregation. In addition, tetracosane (1) and methyl tridecanoate (3) weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). These results suggested that the effect of A. pennata on Alzheimer's disease was likely due to the inhibition of -amyloid aggregation. Thus A. pennata may be beneficial for Alzheimer's prevention.

Acacia pennata L. leaves: chemical profiling and impact on DNA damage, alteration of genotoxicity—related genes expression and ROS generation in hepatic tissues of acetaminophen treated male rats

“…The LC–ESI-MS analysis revealed that flavonoids were the major phytoconstituents present in the leaves of A. pennata which is in alignment with the previous phytochemical reports (Kim et al 2015 ; Lomarat et al 2015 ) and this could probably be the main reason of its DNA protection effect as revealed from the current study that APE possess the potential to counteract the genotoxic effect of acetaminophen on liver tissues, while acetaminophen treatment revealed significant upregulation in tumour suppressor gene (p53), multidrug resistance (mdr1b) gene (Fig. 3 ) and ROS generation (Fig.…”

“…The fragment ion of kaempferol aglycone at m / z 285 is due to the loss of glucose and rhamnose units attached to the same position of the aglycone [M–H-162-146]¯. Therefore, it was tentatively identified as kaempferol 3- O -rhamnopyaranosyl-(1→4)-glucopyranosyl previously isolated from the leaves of A. pennata (Dongmo et al 2007 ; Lomarat et al 2015 ). Peak 7 showed a deprotonated molecular ion [M–H]¯ at m / z 609.…”

“…Several biological reports have been performed on different plant parts, leaves possessed anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory (Dongmo et al 2005 ) and antifungal effects particularly towards C. albicans and K. polysporus (Malabadi and Vijay Kumar 2007 ) as well as anti-transcription activities (Rifai et al 2010 ). The twigs were beneficial in the Alzheimer’s disease prevention, from which tetracosane and 2-(heptyloxy)-octadecane were isolated and reported to be potent inhibitors of β-amyloid aggregation (Lomarat et al 2015 ), whereas the bark showed antioxidant effect (Sowndhararajan et al 2013 ).…”

Guava Fruit and Acacia pennata Vegetable Intake Association with Frailty of Older Adults in Northern Thailand

“…Our results were consistent with previous studies that Acacia pennata contained a high content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds [ 46 , 47 ]. Acacia pennata had various biological activities such as anti-nociception against pain [ 48 ], anti-inflammation through inhibition of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 enzyme activities due to the flavonoid compositions [ 49 ], anti-cancer of pancreas and prostate [ 50 ], prevention of liver damage after acetaminophen-induced genotoxicity [ 51 ], and anti-Alzheimer disease by prevention of β-amyloid aggregation [ 52 ]. In addition, Acacia pennata crude extract at 245 mg/L could kill the larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is a potent dengue vector [ 53 ].…”

A New Saponin with Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity from Acacia pennata

“…In addition, A. pennata has been shown to exhibit anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-parasitic, and anti-transcription activity [2]. A. pennata was also found to have 5 compounds with inhibitory activity for β-amyloid aggregation and could be beneficial for Alzheimer's prevention [3]. As part of an ongoing search screening for anti-HIV-1 PR drugs from Vietnamese medicinal plants, we report in this work the isolation, structural elucidation, and anti-HIV-1 PR activity of a new saponin triterpene (1), as well as the known saponin pitheduloside G (2), isolated from the stems of A. pennata.…”