Bioadsorption of Modified Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil for Reducing its 3-MCPD Compounds using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Crude palm oil, consumed as a healthy food oil, contains a 3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester in the range of 0.04-0.05 ppm. The 3-MCPD compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group that is genotoxin carcinogen. It is therefore necessary to develop an integrated palm oil refining through adsorption with a modified palm empty fruit bunch bioadsorbent to reduce 3-MCPD ester (<2 ppm / Codex Standard). Response Surface Method applied in the optimization study of the modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The research was designed by using Central Composite Design. The parameter process studied were temperature (60-800C), time (20-40 minutes) and oil volume (400-600 ml). Response surface of the pressurized liquid water extraction of curcumin was expressed by a second-order polynomial. The research showed that temperature was the most influencing variable for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The response surface contour plots of the RSM on the effect of temperature, time and oil volume have showed that the optimum condition for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm were adsorption performed at temperature of 86.80C, 46.81 minutes and oil volume of 668.17 ml.

Controlled preparation of CaO adsorbents by microsyringe titration technology for CO2 capture

“…Figure 2(B), (D), and (F) shows the contour patterns of factors A and B, A and C, and B and C, and the contour plot of D shows a circle-like shape. Since the more circular shape of the contours indicates that the interaction between the two factors is not significant, [43][44][45] the interaction between B and C is not significant, which is consistent with the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) as shown in Table S5. Figure 2(b) and (f) show that the contour plots are close to an ellipse, indicating that the interactions between A and B and B and C are significant; however, from Table S5, P(AB) > 0.05 and P(BC) > 0.05, which indicates that the interactions between A and B and B and C are not significant, and the results obtained from these two aspects contradict each other.…”

Composting for a More Sustainable Palm Oil Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Subsequently, the temperature of the compost heap increases rapidly, followed by a rise in pH until it reaches 60°C. The temperature will remain high at 40°C during the ripening phase [ 56 ], while the mesophilic microbes are then replaced by the thermophilic ones active at high temperatures. During the active decomposition of organic matter, the microbes in the compost will decompose the substrate into NH 4 + , CO, steam, and heat through the metabolic system with the assistance of oxygen, and the temperature reduces to the initial value.…”

“…During the composting process, a decrease in the volume and biomass of the material occurs. This reduction can reach 30% to 50% of the initial weight, depending on the moisture content [ 56 ].…”

Effect of Thermal Pretreatment of Pineapple Peel Waste in Biogas Production using Response Surface Methodology

“…The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization also provides the most influential variables. (Yulianto et al, 2020). From the Pareto diagram in Figure 4(b), it appears that the most influential independent variable in making biogas from pineapple peel waste is the duration of time used for the pretreatment of the pineapple peel when is in a hot water bath.…”