Bioanalytics in In Vitro and In Vivo Transformation of Biologically Active Compounds for the Needs of Biomedical Diagnostics

Abstract

Drugs are active substances which trigger various biological reactions. Generally, the medicine is to improve our health condition, but it is not always so. Having used the drug for a long time or in inadequate doses, various undesirable side effects may occur. Additionally, newly produced drugs may be poisonous if we fail to examine their metabolic biotransformation in the living organism. For this reason, drugs are tested using in vivo and in vitro research in order to evaluate their biological activity and toxicity. In vivo tests concern the research on living animals such as rodents or monkeys, while in vitro tests use isolated enzymes within the microsomal fraction, cells, tissues, and whole organs of animals or people (tests with the biological material taken from a patient). Both