Biobased Fat Mimicking Molecular Structuring Agents for Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) and Other Edible Oils

Abstract

To develop sustainable value-added materials from biomass, novel small-molecule sugar ester gelators were synthesized using biocatalysis. The facile one-step regiospecific coupling of the pro-antioxidant raspberry ketone glucoside and unsaturated or saturated long- and medium-chain fatty acids provides a simple approach to tailor the structure and self-assembly of the amphiphilic product. These low molecular weight molecules demonstrated the ability to self-assemble in a variety of solvents and exhibited supergelation, with a minimum gelation concentration of 0.25 wt %, in numerous organic solvents, as well as in a range of natural edible oils, specifically a relatively unstudied group of liquids: natural medium-chain triglyceride oils, notably coconut oil. Spectroscopic analysis details the gelator structure as well as the intermolecular noncovalent interactions, which allow for gelation. X-ray diffraction studies indicate fatty acid chain packing of gelators is similar to that of natural fats, signifying the crystalline nature may lead to desirable textural properties and mouthfeel.

Supramolecular gels of gluconamides derived from renewable resources: Antibacterial and anti‐biofilm applications

“…Instead, observation displaying the free flow of solution is denoted as "S" (solution) and the process of precipitation is denoted as "P" (Precipitate). [60,82,83]…”

Carbohydrate Derived Organogelators and the Corresponding Functional Gels Developed in Recent Time

“…Due to the benefits to human health, development of oil-structuring agents for use as substitutes of saturated and trans-fats has been growing in interest. In order to develop value-added materials, sugar-based ester organogelators were envisioned in the light of green principles and synthesized (Figure 35A) by John and coworkers using a biocatalyst [139]. Raspberry ketone glycosides were esterified using Novozyme 435 in acetone with an unsaturated medium and long chain fatty acids, and two saturated fatty acids giving the corresponding ester amphiphiles caprylate 9RKG80 and the corresponding stearate (RKG18), along with the monosaturated raspberry ketone glycoside oleate (RKGO); the gel based on the latter gelator showed much higher MGC compared to the other two types.…”

“…; ( D ) (Left) FTIR spectra of oleogel and bulk gelators samples; (right) hydrogen bonding region displays weak O–H peaks in the gel spectrum. Reprinted with permission from [139]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.…”

Bio Refinery of Oily Wastes

“…Biorefineries happen to provide a way to deal with all these concerns while providing innovative solutions [6]. Biomass has acquired an important position in order to replace fossil fuels because of it is a renewable character, it also can reduce carbon dioxide air concentrations in as an important fraction of the former is caused by waste plastic incineration [4]; in this fashion greenhouse effect could be reduced, and slow down global warming [7]. Besides that, the waste management issue could be addressed by recycling and treating agro-and food waste to include them as biorefinery starting materials.…”