Bioceramics

Abstract

Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo‐skeletal system, termed bioceramics, may be bioinert (e.g., alumina and zirconia), resorbable (e.g., tricalcium phosphate), bioactive (e.g., hydroxyapatite, bioactive glasses, and glass‐ceramics), or porous for tissue ingrowth (e.g., hydroxyapatite‐coated metals). Applications include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons, and ligaments and repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone, spinal fusion, and bone repair after tumor surgery. Pyrolytic carbon coatings are thromboresistant and are used for prosthetic heart valves. The mechanisms of tissue bonding to bioactive ceramics have resulted in the molecular design of bioceramics for interfacial bonding with hard and soft tissue. Bioactive composites are being developed with high toughness and elastic modulus that match with bone. Therapeutic treatment of cancer has been achieved by localized delivery of radioactive isotopes via glass beads. Clinical success of bioceramics has led to a remarkable advance in the quality of life for millions of people.

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

“…Given its presence in the bones and teeth of humans, it has garnered a significant amount of research in the biomedical field, producing a number of bioinspired designs with a focus on biomedical materials and implants [9,[57][58][59][60][61]. Biogenic hydroxyapatite often forms around a collagen scaffold that directs growth (Fig.…”

Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy

“…[24] Bioactive glasses are amorphous silicate-based materials exhibiting osteoconductive/osteoinductive properties. [10,25,26] They are promising materials for bone tissue engineering applications due to their excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and osteogenicity properties. [27,28] Bioactive glass stimulates new bone growth and, once implanted in the body, can react with physiological fluids and form a strong bond with bones.…”

Bioactive Glass 13-93 as a Subchondral Substrate for Tissue-engineered Osteochondral Constructs: A Pilot Study

“…BG ceramics are synthetic materials that enhance bone formation and can integrate with living bone [1,18]. In our previous in vivo work, we found BG 13-93 supports maintenance of grafted cells in a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel layer at the articulating surface with integration of bone into the BG layer of tissue-engineered OC grafts [1].…”

“…Depending on the volume fraction of crystals present in the material, BG can either resorb slowly in vivo or undergo localized conversion to a bone-like material after implantation [22,33,34]. They undergo a time-dependent conversion to a calcium phosphate material, typically hydroxyapatite, which bonds to bone at body temperatures (eg, 37°C) [17,18].…”