Biochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: A review

Minh, Tam Do; Song, Jianzhi; Deb, Anjan; Cha, Ligen; Srivastava, Varsha; Sillanpää, Mika

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124856

Cited by 159 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…The main application of biochar obtained from HTC lies in the usage as functionalized materials for high energy storage capacity. Sometimes, the biochar finds its usage in following regions such as sorption process [51], soil enrichers [52] and even erstwhile as catalyst [53,54].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.

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Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…Biochar also constitute excellent materials for the promotion of H 2 O 2 by means of the reduction of dissolved oxygen. These materials are obtained by spend biomass sources such as animal feedings ( Y. Wang et al., 2019 ), agricultural or woody materials ( Deng et al., 2019 ), food wastes ( Tovar et al., 2019 ) and sewage sludge ( Huang et al., 2020 ; Mian and Liu, 2019 ) among others ( Do Minh et al., 2020 ). Recent studies of biochar materials focuses on their use as simultaneous adsorbents and 3D-cathodes where adsorption, disinfection and pollutants degradation occur followed by the regeneration of the electrode material surface ( Bañuelos et al., 2015 ; Mesones et al., 2020 ; Robles et al., 2020b ).…”

Section: Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

et al. 2021

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Disinfection is usually the final step in water treatment and its effectiveness is of paramount importance in ensuring public health. Chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ozone (O 3 ) are currently the most common methods for water disinfection; however, the generation of toxic by-products and the non-remnant effect of UV and O 3 still constitute major drawbacks. Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) on the other hand, appear as a potentially effective option for water disinfection. In these processes, the synergism between electrochemically produced active species and photo-generated radicals, improve their performance when compared with the corresponding separate processes and with other physical or chemical approaches. In photo-assisted EAOPs the inactivation of pathogens takes place by means of mechanisms that occur at different distances from the anode, that is: (i) directly at the electrode’s surface (direct oxidation), (ii) at the anode’s vicinity by means of electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical species (quasi-direct), (iii) or at the bulk solution (away from the electrode surface) by photo-electrogenerated active species (indirect oxidation). This review addresses state of the art reports concerning the inactivation of pathogens in water by means of photo-assisted EAOPs such as photo-electrocatalytic process, photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, photo-electrocoagulation and cathodic processes. By focusing on the oxidation mechanism, it was found that while quasi-direct oxidation is the preponderant inactivation mechanism, the photo-electrocatalytic process using semiconductor materials is the most studied method as revealed by numerous reports in the literature. Advantages, disadvantages, trends and perspectives for water disinfection in photo-assisted EAOPs are also analyzed in this work.

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“…[ 78,79 ] The pyrolysis processes can be divided into six categories: slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, intermediate pyrolysis, vacuum pyrolysis, and hydropyrolysis. [ 80–83 ] Operating parameters for different pyrolysis to biochar are briefly discussed in Table 2 . In general, slow pyrolysis can achieve high biochar yield, while fast pyrolysis is used for high bio‐oil production.…”

Section: Conversion Of Biomasses Into Biochar Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

Zheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Biomasses are very important natural products. Transferring biomass into catalysts for the advanced oxidation process (AOP) via heat treatment has attracted extensive attention. This review systematically introduces and summarizes two kinds of innovative biomass‐based catalysts according to the treating temperature. At low temperature (<300 °C), biomasses are converted into hydrothermal carbonation carbon (HTCC) with semiconductive properties for photocatalysis application. At high temperature (>300 °C), by contrast, the products lose their semiconductive nature and become a conductive carbon‐based conductor (biochar). They usually work as AOP catalysts by activating oxidant of O2, H2O2, and peroxysulfate for environmental treatment. This review summarizes and compares HTCC and biochar according to their formation process, structure, catalytic mechanism, and key points for the activity enhancement. The active units in HTCC are the sp2‐hybridized polyfuran unit while those in biochar are the persistent free radicals, nitrogen‐containing unit, or defects. HTCC converts water into OH radicals by using the photoexcited electron/hole pairs induced by solar illumination, while biochar activates oxidants via the active unit on its surface. More importantly, this review summarizes and demonstrates the key points to obtain high‐efficiency HTCC and biochar catalysts. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the future aspects for biomass‐based catalysis are given.

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Biochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: A review

Cited by 159 publications

References 254 publications

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Photo-assisted electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the disinfection of aqueous solutions: A review

Hydrothermal and Pyrolytic Conversion of Biomasses into Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Treatments

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