Biochemical and Histological Changes in Rat Liver Caused by Cypermethrin and Beta-Cyfluthrin

Abstract

Cypermethrin and beta-cyfl uthrin are two most widely used multipurpose pyrethroids. After determining their oral LD 50 (416.98 mg kg -1 and 354.8 mg kg -1 body weight, respectively), we assessed their hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats following acute (0.1 LD 50 for 1 day) and sub-acute (0.1 LD 50 for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days) poisoning. The assessment was based on hepatic marker enzymes AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. AST, ALT, LDH, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, and free fatty acids in hepatic homogenate increased following pyrethroid stress. In contrast, hepatic proteins, glycogen, and ALP activity decreased due to lysis of structural proteins and leakage of enzymes into the blood stream. Biochemical data were consistent with histological alterations (cytoplasmic vacuolisation, nuclear polymorphism, eccentric nucleus, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and sinusoidal dilation). Comparatively greater hepatocellular damage was noted in beta-cyfl uthrin than in cypermethrin-treated rats, which is probably related to the fl uorine atom in beta-cyfl uthrin.

Chronic toxicity of ectomethrin: A biochemical and histological study

“…Cypermethrin was also report to induce the level of MDA with a concomitant increase in ROS [19] . The increased level of MDA observed in ECM inhalation was also reported as a result of pyrethroid insecticides exposure by several authors [20][21][22][23][24] . The current value of SOD activity represent a significant decrease in ECM-intoxicated groups (p≤0.001).…”

Pesticides induced oxidative stress and histomorphological changes in liver and kidney of female Bandicota bengalensis and Tateraindica

“…Disturbed liver homeostasis under such stress is sufficient to alter normal body physiology of any organism. Liver is a hub for protein synthesis, regulating cell functions such as maintenance of cellular rigidity, flow management of material through cell membranes, catalysis of an extraordinary range of chemical reactions, regulation of metabolic concentration, and arrangement of nuclear material to control gene function (Bhushan et al, 2013). Histological observations were recorded in liver of all the rats collected from PAU and Bathinda region.…”

“…The hepatocytes appeared vacuolated ballooned and some of them showed degenerative changes while the nuclei appeared pyknotic and densely stained in rats. Histopathological examination of the liver from animals treated with cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin also revealed various cellular and lobular abnormalities, including intralobular vein (ILV) membrane dilation, presence of hepatocytes in ILV, cytoplasmic vacuolisation, multinuclear cells, nuclear polymorphisms, nuclear vacuolisation, hepatocyte membrane damage, nuclear division, nuclear eccentricity, pyknosis, necrosis, and karyorrhexis (Bhushan et al, 2013). Heikal et al (2013) reported histopathological alterations in liver of cyromazine and chlorpyrifos treated rats which include degeneration and coagulative necrosis in the hepatocytes, inflammatory cells infiltration, and kupffer cells proliferation.…”

Alteration in the blood biochemical parameters and degenerative lesions in Rat liver by a common pyrethroid insecticide (Bifenthrin)

“…There is extensive contact to many pesticide, affected liver and kidneys, [6] there is also a raise in the occurrence of liver disorders among Ranch Hand workers in large contact category [7]. If we statistically analyzed then there is comparatively high level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were found in agriculture workers who are constantly exposed to pesticides [8].…”

“…Most of industrial workers who are steadily exposed to pesticides the elevated levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were found in the blood of [8,9]. It has also been observed that high amount of liver dysfunction was observed with elevated (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [7][8][9][10][11]. Studies revealed that AST and ALT produces their effects on the process of breakdown of amino acids into α-keto acid which are in flight for complete metabolism through the Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain.…”