Biochemical Biomarkers for Dose-Dependent Damage Caused by 4-Nonylphenol in the Juvenile Clarias Gariepinus

Abstract

The present study investigates the dose-dependent damage caused by 4-nonylphenol exposure in juvenile of Clarias gariepinus using some biomarkers and the effect of recovery time. Healthy juvenile C. gariepinus of both sexes were classified into four groups (7fish/ group; two replicates). The first one was a control group, and the other three groups were exposed for 15 days to 4-nonylphenol concentrations as 0.1 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.3 mg/L respectively, then 15 days as a recovery period after exposure time. The parameters exhibiting significance either increased with the increase of the 4-NP doses from 0.0 in the control to 0.3 mg/L (AST, ALT, TP, Glu, Cr, and UA) or decreased with such increased doses (Alb, and Glo). In conclusion, the liver and kidney functions parameters were indicated the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of 4-NP and their alterations have decreased to a great extent after a recovery period of 15-days in a reverse order.