Biochemical Characterization and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Different <b><i>Ganoderma </i></b>Collections

Abstract

The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular and biochemical characterization and to compare the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of four Ganoderma isolates belonging to Ganoderma lucidum (Gl-4, Gl-5) and Ganoderma resinaceum (F-1, F-2) species. The molecular identification was performed by ITS and IGS sequence analyses and the biochemical characterization by enzymatic and proteomic approaches. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was compared by three different methods and their flavonoid contents were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antiproliferative effect on U937 cells was determined by MTT assay. The studied mycelia differ both in the enzymatic activities and protein content. The highest content in total phenol and the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH free radical scavenging and chelating activity on Fe²⁺ were observed with the Gl-4 isolate of G. lucidum. The presence of quercetin, rutin, myricetin, and morin as major flavonoids with effective antioxidant activity was detected. The ethanolic extracts from mycelia of G. lucidum isolates possess a substantial antiproliferative activity against U937 cells in contrast to G. resinaceum in which the antiproliferative effects were insignificant. This study provides a comparison between G. lucidum and G. resinaceum mycelial strains, and shows that G. resinaceum could be utilized to obtain several bioactive compounds.

Associated Targets of the Antioxidant Cardioprotection of Ganoderma lucidum in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Using Open Targets Platform: A Systematic Review

“…Chemical antioxidant tests consistently revealed the free radical scavenging activity of G. lucidum. Twelve studies reported the scavenging activity of G. lucidum for different free radicals including 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH ⋅ ), 2,2 ′ -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS ⋅ +), hydroxyl radical (HO ⋅ ), and hydrogen peroxide radicals (H 2 O 2 ) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] (Table 5). G. lucidum also inhibits lipid peroxidation [23,49].…”

B-glucans from Grifola frondosa and Ganoderma lucidum in breast cancer: an example of complementary and integrative medicine

“…G. lingzhi seems to have more triterpenic acids than G. lucidum s.str. [ 16 – 18 ]. The morphological characteristics of the species also differ [ 19 – 21 ].…”

Chemical composition, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of differently processed Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts

“…Total phenol content in phenol extracts was ranged from 2.5 to 12.3 lg/g, and detected phenolic compounds in extracts were the p-hydroxybenzoic, pcoumaric and cinnamic acid. The flavonoids in the ethanolic extracts from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum strains Gl-4 and Gl-5 were analyzed, and quercetin, myricetin, and morin were identified (Saltarelli et al 2015). Gallic acid (1103 lg/g) was the only detected phenolic compound in methanol extract of wild growing Ganoderma lucidum collected from Fruška gora, Serbia.…”

“…Although G. lucidum represents poor source of phenolic compounds, some investigations reported that these compounds provide the greatest contribution to the antioxidant activity of its extracts (Ć ilardžić et al 2014;Saltarelli et al 2009). The major flavonoids with effective antioxidant activity in the ethanol extract from mycelia of G. lucidum are quercetin, myricetin, and morin (Saltarelli et al 2015).…”