Biochemical, histopathological and ultra structural profile after pulsed water medication of enrofloxacin in broiler chickens

Abstract

Aim: A pharmacological study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and adverse effects of enrofloxacin administration in broiler chickens by assessing the serum biochemical parameters, associated histopathological and ultra structural changes in liver and kidney. Materials and Methods:Birds in the treatment group were administered with enrofloxacin at the recommended therapeutic dose 10mg/kg body weight via drinking water for five successive days, while the control group (untreated group) received non medicated water. Serum biochemical parameters viz., total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lipase, triglyceride, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, uric acid and creatinine were estimated at 24hour and 48hour intervals during the dosing and withdrawal periods, respectively. Liver and kidney tissue samples collected from 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days post treatment groups were subjected to histopathological and ultrastructural examinations.Results: There was no significant change (p>0.05) in total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lipase, triglyceride and urea levels in the enrofloxacin administered broiler chickens at all the time points evaluated. However, a significant increase (p<0.05) in gamma glutamyl transferase, uric acid and creatinine levels were th observed after the 4 dose of the enrofloxacin and on day 1 post treatment. During the withdrawal period, the elevated levels declined gradually and showed the trend towards control values as evidenced by a statistically insignificant difference on 3, 5, 7 and 9 days post treatment when compared to that of control group. These biochemical changes were substantiated by histopathological and ultrastructural changes elicited in liver and kidney. Conclusion:The reversible trend observed in serum biochemical parameters, histopathological and ultra structural alterations in liver and kidney during the withdrawal period suggests that enrofloxacin is safe if administered to broiler chickens at the recommended therapeutic dose and if the stipulated withdrawal period is strictly adhered to.

Influence of Moxifloxacin on Hepatic Redox Status and Plasma Biomarkers of Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rat

“…Plasma urea has been reported to increase in acute and chronic renal dysfunction and creatinine has been implicated in diseases such as acute kidney injury [ 39 ]. The observed increase in plasma urea and creatinine corroborates previous findings following administration of fluoroquinolone antibiotics [ 12 , 40 ].…”

“…Moreover, certain members of the fluoroquinolones are known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in phagocytic cells [ 10 , 11 ]. Side effects such as hepatotoxicity [ 12 ], phototoxicity [ 13 ], and cartilage damage [ 11 ] may be related to generation of ROS [ 14 ] and weakening of enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanism in tissues [ 15 ].…”

In vivo, Antibacterial Effect of Green and Black Tea Extracts on Infected Liver and Kidney of Rats

“…Today, in pharmacology and medicine fields, green pharmacy plays a significant role. About 80% of the world's population is expected to rely on botanical preparations as medication to satisfy their health requirements (Sureshkumar et al, 2013). In fact, the growing concentration of drugs to botanical pharmacy may also be due to the advent of bacteria of antibiotic resistance, side effects and financial concern.…”