Biochemical Interactions through Microscopic Techniques: Structural and Molecular Characterization

Abstract

Many researchers and scientists have contributed significantly to provide structural and molecular characterizations of biochemical interactions using microscopic techniques in the recent decade, as these biochemical interactions play a crucial role in the production of diverse biomaterials and the organization of biological systems. The properties, activities, and functionalities of the biomaterials and biological systems need to be identified and modified for different purposes in both the material and life sciences. The present study aimed to review the advantages and disadvantages of three main branches of microscopy techniques (optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning probe microscopy) developed for the characterization of these interactions. First, we explain the basic concepts of microscopy and then the breadth of their applicability to different fields of research. This work could be useful for future research works on biochemical self-assembly, biochemical aggregation and localization, biological functionalities, cell viability, live-cell imaging, material stability, and membrane permeability, among others. This understanding is of high importance in rapid, inexpensive, and accurate analysis of biochemical interactions.

Electrochemiluminescence of Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Its Biosensing Applications: A Comprehensive Review

“…Specific antigen-antibody recognition is the basis of immunoassay. Due to the high affinity and specificity of antigen-antibody interaction proved by various characterization techniques [66,67], it has been widely used in the construction of ECL-based immunosensors with QDs as luminophores. According to the difference of immune structures, immunosensors based on antigen-antibody recognition can be divided into "antibody-antigen" and "antibody-antigen-antibody" formats, and the latter one is generally referred to as sandwich structure.…”