Biochemical investigation and gene expression analysis of the immunostimulatory functions of an edible Salacia extract in rat small intestine

Oda, Yuriko; Ueda, Fumitaka; Kamei, Asuka; Kakinuma, Chihaya; Abe, Keiko

doi:10.1002/biof.132

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Analysis of intestinal bacterial flora using mouse fecal specimens was outsourced to Techno Suruga Laboratory (Shizuoka, Japan), where the T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) method was used. 17 The details of this method are described in the Data S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora

Takata

Tomita²,

Okuno

et al. 2014

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectivesThe intestinal microflora affects the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases by influencing immune system function. Some bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, have been reported to have beneficial effects on immune function. However, little is known about the effects of yeasts. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of various dietary yeasts contained in fermented foods on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.MethodsThe effects of eight yeasts selected from 18 types of yeasts contained in fermented foods were examined using an EAE model. Of these, Candida kefyr was investigated by analyzing the intestinal microflora and its effects on intestinal and systemic immune states.ResultsAdministration of C. kefyr ameliorated the severity of EAE. Reduced numbers of Th17 cells, suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 production by intestinal explants, and increased Tregs and CD103-positive regulatory dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were observed. Analysis of 16s-rDNA from feces of C. kefyr-treated mice demonstrated increased Lactobacillales and decreased Bacteroides compared to control flora. Transfer of intestinal microbiota also resulted in decreased Bacteroides and ameliorated symptoms of EAE. Thus, oral administration of C. kefyr ameliorated EAE by altering the microflora, accompanied by increased Tregs and CD103-positive regulatory dendritic cells in MLNs and decreased Th17 cells in the intestinal lamina propria.InterpretationOral ingestion of C. kefyr may have beneficial effects on MS by modifying microflora. In addition, our findings also suggested the potential health benefits of dietary yeasts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora

Takata

Tomita²,

Okuno

et al. 2014

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…Previously, we performed gene expression analysis of the intestinal epithelium and measured the intestinal microbiota in rats fed the SRE powder [ 23 ]. We confirmed that the expression levels of genes associated with immunologically relevant cells, particularly those associated with cell-mediated immunity, were increased in the intestinal epithelium after SRE administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in Human Immune Function with Changes in Intestinal Microbiota by Salacia reticulata Extract Ingestion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

et al. 2015

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Plants belonging to the genus Salacia in the Hippocrateaceae family are known to inhibit sugar absorption. In a previous study, administration of Salacia reticulata extract in rats altered the intestinal microbiota and increased expression of immune-relevant genes in small intestinal epithelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of S. reticulata extract in human subjects by examining the gene expression profiles of blood cells, immunological indices, and intestinal microbiota. The results revealed an improvement in T-cell proliferation activity and some other immunological indices. In addition, the intestinal microbiota changed, with an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease in Clostridium bacteria. The expression levels of many immune-relevant genes were altered in blood cells. We concluded that S. reticulata extract ingestion in humans improved immune functions and changed the intestinal microbiota. Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000011732

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“…In the current study, we used T-RFLP method for the analyses of the composition of gut microbiota. This method is widely used in investigating the gut microbiota of the rodents [ 22 , 60 – 67 ]. However, this method has limitations that analyses are based on the database of human gut microbiota with rather low resolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Non-Absorbable Antibiotics to Pregnant Mice to Perturb the Maternal Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Alterations in Offspring Behavior

et al. 2016

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There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota plays a major role in host health and disease. In this study, we examined whether perturbation of the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, induced by administration of non-absorbable antibiotics to pregnant dams, influences the behavior of offspring. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of fecal bacterial composition showed that the relative abundance of the bacterial order Lactobacillales was lower in offspring born from antibiotic-treated dams (20.7±3.4%) than in control offspring (42.1±6.2%) at P24, while the relative abundance of the bacterial family Clostridium subcluster XIVa was higher in offspring born from antibiotic-treated dams (34.2±5.0%) than in control offspring (16.4±3.3%). Offspring born from antibiotic-treated dams exhibited low locomotor activity in both familiar and novel environments, and preferred to explore in the peripheral area of an unfamiliar field at postnatal week 4. At postnatal weeks 7–8, no difference was observed in the level of locomotor activity between control offspring and offspring from antibiotic-treated dams, while the tendency for the offspring from antibiotic-treated dams to be less engaged in exploring the inside area was still observed. The behavioral phenotypes of the offspring from antibiotic-treated dams at postnatal week 4 could be rescued to a considerable extent through fostering of these offspring by normal dams from postnatal day 1. Although the detailed underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated, the present results suggest that administration of non-absorbable antibiotics to pregnant dams to perturb the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy leads to alterations in the behavior of their offspring.

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Biochemical investigation and gene expression analysis of the immunostimulatory functions of an edible Salacia extract in rat small intestine

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora

Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora

Improvement in Human Immune Function with Changes in Intestinal Microbiota by Salacia reticulata Extract Ingestion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Administration of Non-Absorbable Antibiotics to Pregnant Mice to Perturb the Maternal Gut Microbiota Is Associated with Alterations in Offspring Behavior

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