Biochemical, physiological and production indices related to fat metabolism in the laying fowl at various stages of physiological development

Neill, A. R.; Reichmann, K. G.; Connor, J. K.

doi:10.1080/00071667708416367

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… E Birds: Patel et al, 1977 ; Desmeth, 1981 ; Hermier et al, 2003 ; Wan et al, 2018 . F Mammals: Ralli et al, 1941 ; Kwiterovich et al, 1970 ; Neill et al, 1977 ; Christie, 1985 ; Hall et al, 1997 ; Wang et al, 2000 ; Cable et al, 2009 ; Fernando et al, 2012 ; Tajik et al, 2012 ; Siques et al, 2014 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 . G Neill et al, 1977 ; Patel et al, 1977 ; Desmeth, 1981 ; Wang et al, 2000 ; Hermier et al, 2003 ; Wan et al, 2018 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… F Mammals: Ralli et al, 1941 ; Kwiterovich et al, 1970 ; Neill et al, 1977 ; Christie, 1985 ; Hall et al, 1997 ; Wang et al, 2000 ; Cable et al, 2009 ; Fernando et al, 2012 ; Tajik et al, 2012 ; Siques et al, 2014 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 . G Neill et al, 1977 ; Patel et al, 1977 ; Desmeth, 1981 ; Wang et al, 2000 ; Hermier et al, 2003 ; Wan et al, 2018 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 . H Ralli et al, 1941 ; Kwiterovich et al, 1970 ; Christie, 1985 ; Hall et al, 1997 ; Helbig, 2006 ; Cable et al, 2009 ; Siques et al, 2014 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… G Neill et al, 1977 ; Patel et al, 1977 ; Desmeth, 1981 ; Wang et al, 2000 ; Hermier et al, 2003 ; Wan et al, 2018 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [USDA ARS], 2020 . …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models facilitate chemical risk assessment by predicting in vivo exposure while reducing the need for animal testing. PBK models for mammals have seen significant progress, which has yet to be achieved for avian systems. Here, we quantitatively compare physiological, metabolic and anatomical characteristics between birds and mammals, with the aim of facilitating bird PBK model development. For some characteristics, there is considerable complementarity between avian and mammalian species with identical values for the following: blood hemoglobin and hemoglobin concentrations per unit erythrocyte volume together with relative weights of the liver, heart, and lungs. There are also systematic differences for some major characteristics between avian and mammalian species including erythrocyte volume, plasma concentrations of albumin, total protein and triglyceride together with liver cell size and relative weights of the kidney, spleen, and ovary. There are also major differences between characteristics between sexually mature and sexually immature female birds. For example, the relative weights of the ovary and oviduct are greater in sexually mature females compared to immature birds as are the plasma concentrations of triglyceride and vitellogenin. Both these sets of differences reflect the genetic “blue print” inherited from ancestral archosaurs such as the production of large eggs with yolk filled oocytes surrounded by egg white proteins, membranes and a calciferous shell together with adaptions for flight in birds or ancestrally in flightless birds.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, in their study, Neill et al (1975) confirmed that the reticulosis was a definitive lesion of FLHS in Queensland, where the outbreaks were considered not to be associated with any known toxic principle. It is known that reticulosis produces a structural weakness of the liver which will rupture when under stress (nutritional/toxic, infectious, or environmental) (Neill et al, 1977). However, any correlation between liver fat content and degree of lysis of the reticulin was not found, although the presence of heavy fat infiltration in a structurally weakened liver was thought to have been the reason for massive haemorrhage and death of hens (Neill et al, 1975).…”

Section: An "Old" Disease In Queensland Flocksmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Field and experimental investigations were conducted to study the fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The main goal of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of this non-infectious disease. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, subsequent liver rupture, haemorrhage and sudden death of hens. It has been shown that the balance between hepatic synthesis and secretion of lipids is the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fat deposition in hens. Liver fat accumulation can be increased by many factors, especially nutrition, housing conditions, and inflammatory challenges. A description of normal and abnormal lipid metabolism in the hen, and consequences for hen health and disease (including FLHS) is given in the literature review (Chapter 2).The initial study examined mortality of layer flocks kept in three different housing systems (cage, barn and free range) on the Gatton Campus, University of Queensland (Chapter 4). It was shown that there were no significant differences in mortality rates of hens (6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, for cages, barns and free range, respectively) between the housing systems but the causes of death were different. The most common cause of death in hens kept in cages was FLHS with 74% of dead hens dying from the condition. In contrast, FLHS only accounted for 0 to 5% of hen mortality in the other systems. Post-mortem of dead hens and body weight monitoring of flocks throughout the laying cycle were recommended as tools to predict FLHS.An epidemiological survey (Chapter 5) of caged flocks in South-Eastern Queensland was undertaken to explore the prevalence of FLHS in commercial layer flocks. From necropsies of dead birds from 7 flocks of different ages, it was found that approximately 40% of hens died due to FLHS. This result indicated that FLHS continues to be the major cause of mortality in commercial caged laying hens kept in either controlled environment sheds or naturally ventilated sheds. As part of the epidemiological study, a questionnaire was circulated among farms and the responses revealed that there is a general lack of knowledge of FLHS in the industry.The study of the pathogenesis of FLHS is very difficult as it occurs sporadically and over an extended period of time in the field. In the studies in Chapter 6, an oestradiol (E 2 ) hen model was used to study the condition. The administration of exogenous E 2 reproduced the disease in 30 wk old laying hens, and was associated with significant changes in E 2 plasma levels and metabolic iv profiles, increased liver weights, and macroscopic (fat depositions, haemorrhages and haematomas) and microscopic alterations. Hens exposed to E 2 and fed ad libitum diet experienced severe FLHS and had a higher incidence of FLHS than hens that had their feed intake restricted by 10%. One interesting observation from this study (not reported from other investigators) was the alteration of total leukocyte n...

show abstract

Genetic variation of energy partitioning in laying hens: causes of variation in residual feed consumption

Luiting

1990

World's Poultry Science Journal

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When multiple linear regression of feed consumption on metabolic body weight (MBW), body weight gain (BWG) and egg mass production (EM) is calculated between or within strains of laying hens, a standard deviation of 47-180 kJ metabolizable energy (ME) per day remains unexplained by these effects. This unexplained fraction, called residual feed consumption (RFC), has a heritability of O-8O0/o. A survey of the literature was performed to quantify this unexplained variation between strains and among individuals within strains of laying hens with respect to some energy metabolism parameters independent of MBW, BWG and EM. Genetic differences in ability to metabolize gross feed energy are found to be of limited magnitude; the coefficient of variation is 1-3%. From calorimetric experiments, the ran e of heat production (HP) between strains is found to be 44-118 kJ kg-' s7' d-' ; variation among individuals within strains is of the same magnitude (standard deviation: 16-125 kJ kg-0.75 d-I). The range of maintenance requirements (ME,) is reported to be 41-113 kJ kg-0,75 d-'; standard deviation among individuals is 23-80 kJ kg-0.75 d-'. Variation of heat increment of production (constituting the difference between HP and ME,) seems to be small. The range of fasting heat roduction (FHP) between strains of laying hens appears to be 18-130 kJ kg-'qR d-l, whereas the standard deviation among individuals has again the same magnitude (22-51 kJ kg-0+75 d-' 1. It is concluded that variation of heat increment of maintenance (ME, -FHP) is small. The main component of HP variation and of RFC variation seems to be the variation of ME, : differences in physical activity, feathering density, basal metabolic rate, area of nude skin (comb, wattles, legs), body temperature and body composition. Net energy per g EM does not play an important role in variation of RFC.

show abstract

Biochemical, physiological and production indices related to fat metabolism in the laying fowl at various stages of physiological development

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models

Quantitative Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Physiologies for Parameterization of Physiologically Based Kinetic Models

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Genetic variation of energy partitioning in laying hens: causes of variation in residual feed consumption

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About